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https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1a4fe936fb05b5f5d96e8988d8fc182a.mp4
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Leatris Reid
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Northwest P</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ublic Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Reid_Leatris</span></span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>: My name is Leatris</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Faye </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Boehmer Reid. B-O-E-H-M-E-R. It's pronounced "bay--" "bay-mer." And I was born</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in North Dakota in 1930.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Just before we get started on that</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, I just need to get the date on here, make sure we have everything. And so we're</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">recording this on August 27, 2013.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, August 27.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And we're recording it in your home in Walla Walla.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. </span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Yeah, let's have you talk about your family and how your family came to White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> First?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">.</span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Reid</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I came here in</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">June to White Bluffs, Washington in 1935 or '36. I'm pretty sure it was '36 because I had my sixth birthday there.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So you said you were born in North Dakota and moved to White Bluffs in 1936. Why did your family leave</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">North Dakota and head to White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, we had a terrible Depression, as you know. And I was a Depression baby, and we just simply weren't</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was no work, there was no money. We just simply had to get out of there. We lost a little boy at two and a half with</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">what they call membranous croup at the time. But it was actuall</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y, what it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">was</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> that awful--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">oh, kids have it. It's</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">asthma, terrible asthma. And he just couldn't make it. And I think it just broke my mother's heart. She had just lost</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a baby. So then I became the baby. But I think I was almost six, so--She had written all over Washington, Oregon, because she knew that there was fruit there. And there was food,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and the temperature was reasonable. And so she wrote all the little towns that she could find in Washington and</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oregon to find out what they did there, what they grew, and what the chances were of people surviving. And she</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">got one for Mr. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Reierson</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> that owned the grocery store in White Bluffs, and one from the man who had the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">bank. And I can't remember his name. But she got glowing letters about the fruit. She got glowing things about</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">that there was work. There was packing sheds, there were alfalfa fields to take car</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e of. And there certainly were. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">They didn't stint on it and it was not exaggerated.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So that's how we came to be there, and find it we did. It was exactly like they described it. It was probably the best</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">thing that ever happened to us, because we would have starved. We had no money even to pay for that little boy's</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">doctor bill that we left. So then I was the littlest one, and we had six left.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so talk a little bit about your parents and your siblings, what your parents' names and your siblings' names--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Well, my oldest sister--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">who I dearly love an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d still is alive and I'm glad--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">is 10 ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ars older than me. And her name </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">is Dorothy Lo</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX45489217">rraine </span><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Boehmer</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX45489217">-- "bay-</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">mer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">"--Foyer.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And she lives in Everett</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, Washington, and she will also </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">probably make a statement to you. But she's my oldest. And then I had a sister </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">LaVonne</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. I had a sister na</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">med </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Helen and a brother named Virgil, all of them the same name, Boehm</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">er. And I had a little brother. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I had a sister named Darlene also. And she didn't live at White Bluffs. She stayed </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with my great-aunt and uncle in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Minnesota because they had no children and they wanted to educate her. She was very smart. And she had been</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">treated badly at school in North Dakota, and she didn't want to go back. And they were visiting us. So my mother</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">said, well, you could have her </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">for a year. And of course she--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they became so attached to her. And she loved</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">them dearly, and they were good to her. And they did visit us at White Bluffs. And they liked White Bluffs when</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they came. But it was the best thing that ever happened t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">o us to move to White Bluffs. They</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> had work in packing</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> sheds, like I say. They had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">the kids were very receptive to us. And everybody there just opened their arms.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I wonder if you could describe the place you lived in White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, we lived at </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Lulubelle</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Johnson's house, and we were buying it from her. But we never realized any money out</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> o</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">f when it sold to the government. But </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Lulubelle</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Johnson had a son named Ford Johnson because </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Lulubelle</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Johnson was a niece of Henry Ford, made the automobiles. And we stayed there </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">at that house and it was just—</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was wonderful. We had good neighbors, fruit orchards all over.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> All over.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> When they said that you will find all the fruit you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">want, they really meant it.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so what sort of fruit was on the farm you grew up on?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, we had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we grew alfalfa. If you didn't grow alfalfa, you grew fruit. But we had a good well on our land, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">alfalfa was a good-paying crop. And of course, we had a cow. And if we had too much alfalfa, we could sell it. So it</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">wasn't something</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> that went bad. And the fruit--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">every kind of fruit. First time I ever tasted cherries or even seen a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> cherry tree was there. O</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r ever ate an apricot or se</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">en an apricot. Or even apples--we had apples there—wonderful. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And the whole valley was full of that. It wasn't just one little orchard, it was lots of orchards. It was</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">covered with orchards and alfalfa fields. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Did you have electricity?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> We did! F</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">irst time we had electricity. We had electricity shortly before we moved from North Dakota because I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">remember my mother had a Maytag washing machine that she had just bought and paid $2 a month for.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So we</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had that all packed up an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d ready to go and our tickets--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">the government gave us tickets to get out of a depressed</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">area. And we took the Emp</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ire Builder--brand new--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">to Spokane, and came into White Bluffs on a fruit train with</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">our little parcel of stuff. And they welcomed us with open arms. And they were [AUDIO OUT]</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So you mentioned t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hat there was a well. Is that--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">how were your crops irrigated with it?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, well, we had sprinkler systems. They weren't like they are now. But what we had, you dug the ditch across the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">field. And then you made little rows out of that on both sides. And you would run it from the well pipe into that big</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">main ditch. And then you would take the little ditches and close them </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">up. When you've got enough irrigation water,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">you'd close them back up. And that's what we did. That's how we did it. And that's how they water the orchards.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And how about running water? Did you have--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">We didn't have running water in the house. We went out and got it by the bucketful off of the well. There was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">little faucet and you could either pull it up with a bucket or you could turn the faucet on. There was a pump.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> It's the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">same one you watered the yard with. But it was grand to have all the fresh water you needed because we paid</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">$0.25 a barrel in North Dakota for drinking water because it was a rancid and acrid. $0.25 then was a lot of</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">money. We washed clothes with it. My mother would take it after she washed clothes and scrub her floors. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were white from the lye in the soap. And then s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he would put it on her garden. But w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e never had bugs on the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">garden.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER].</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><br /></span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span>Bauman</span></span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So I was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">gonna</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> ask you--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">who were some of your neighbors?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Let me see, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Beldins</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Beldi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">ns</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> were one of our neighbors. Summers were some of our neighbors. And I can't even</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> remember what--his kid's name was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">oh, I can't say his name. He kind of talked with a nasal. And my dad called</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> him Snazzy Summers. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I don't know where that came from. But a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nyways, he was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he had a crush on my sister</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Helen. And Helen didn't like him. Of course, she was only about 12 or 13. I don't think she had boys in mind. She</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was kind of a tomboy, too. They were some of our neighbors.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And we lived-- the Abercrombie place was north of us. And down below us was an abandoned place. And they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">must have made wine of some kind, because they grew grapes and the grapes were still there. They grew right</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">down to the water. We would go down and get these great big, beautiful Tokay red grapes. And they were right</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there by the river so they had enough water. But then the whole farm was</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> completely abandoned, probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">because of the Depression. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">really </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">don't know. But they we</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">re the neighboring ones. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Grewells</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> lived up above us. Helen and Gerald Grewell</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ir name. And Helen Grewell</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was my sis</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ter Helen's very favorite girl. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">They</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">’d ru</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">n around all the time.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And how about you? Who were some of your best friends</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, Patsy Borden was my best friend for a while. She was probably my be</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">st friend, yes. And she was the granddaughter of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Saths</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, who were related to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Wie</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hls who run the ferry. And Ida Mae </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">probably was another little friend. She was a nice little girl. I like</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d them all. We actually--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there wasn't a whole lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> of--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">kids had to go hom</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e and go do things. It wasn't--I remember the Kilian </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">children because they were</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">German. And they came there, I want to say about '37, '38. Hitler was already busy in Germany. And they came</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> home. And they Mrs. Supple</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> used to</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> raise sheep. Her and husband--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">th</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ey were </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">German also, very, very </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">German. Nice people, but she thought Hitler was doing such great things over t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">here for the German people. And so Mr. Kilian</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> went over and had a long talk with her and said, you know</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, you are putting yourself in a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">dangerous position, because this is not going well in Germany. He might be doin</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">g things for the German people, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">but he has things in mind for the world. And I thought, how kind. How provocati</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ve and kind that was. It wasn't </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">necessary for him to do that. He really didn't know them. But he had heard things. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d in a little community, things </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">like that get around. It isn't gossip, it's just fear. But I thought that was very kind. I was only about 7, 8 years old.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I was going to ask you about-- did you have certain chores or responsibilities--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Always.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--that you had to do on the farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Everybody did. Everybody did. Mine was feeding the chickens and gathering the eggs. And we had a l</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ittle hen </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">named Grandma that mother picked out of the shell, and Billy Rooster, who</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I guess was named after me. He </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">turned out beautiful. But little Grandma Hen was sterile, so she must have been to</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">o weak. But she kept her in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">warming oven for an extra couple hours, and she picked her out of the shell. She</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was sterile. And she would run </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">around stealing everybody else's chicks. She would have a couple of Rhode Is</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">land Reds, and she would have a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">couple of little Leghorns, and maybe a little Barred Rock or two. And she'd hudd</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">le them up and boy, she'd fight them off--she's going to keep these kids. Well, Mrs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Sath</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was such a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">sweetheart. They lived in the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">next to us.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And she brought my mother some </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">duck eggs-- white Peking duck eggs. And she said, why </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">don't you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> just set her.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> She's dying to and she doesn't know--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">she'd fight them off. And so they set about 10 eggs under her because d</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">uck eggs are pretty good sized. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And she hatched out every one, and she was so proud of them. Oh, boy, she'd just stomp around</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> that farmyard </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">like she really knew what she was doing. And she just took them down to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">horse trough one time. And they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">found the horse trough, and they jumped </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in. And she just went berserk--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">"come bac</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">k, come back." And so it got to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">be a morning thing. Every morning she'd take them to the horse trough because t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hey had to have their swim. But she raised them. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Those things were fun things. We didn't have TV. We had a little, tiny radio that w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e could listen to for the news. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But it wasn't a thing you had on all day. But Billy Rooster used to hear the music a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nd he would try to keep up with </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it. And my sister Dorothy would always do the lunch dishes. She'd say, Billy Rooste</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r, are you out there singing to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">this music?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> It was very wholesome.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">What other sorts of things did you do for fun?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">The </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">river</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. Oh, the river. The river was a godsend. We learned to swim the first</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> year, the first summer we were </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there. And we had a raft. The dads had got together and built this big raft. And if you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> could swim out to the raft—I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was not supposed t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">o, but I did. And the little Lowe</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> boy wasn't supposed to, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">either. He was just learning to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">swim. And he went under. And my sister Dorothy was a really good swimmer. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And he went under for the third </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">time. And she went down and got him, g</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ot him out on that--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">pulled him up. And there was a couple of guys up</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> there</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> pulled him up on that raft and they turned them over on his stomach. And the water just poured. And he</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">lived. But he wouldn't have lived.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And every one of those kids at White Bluffs were just as devoted as that to the river. That was our playground. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">to do our work in the morning because it was cool enough. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d the summers over there were--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">boy, they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were hot. But we could go in and get in the swimming pool then, our swimming pool.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">You mentioned a little bit ago having a radio. Did you have a telephone also?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">We finally did have a telephone. And it was only a dollar a month. That was righ</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t uptown. We'd never had one of </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">those before. It was a party line, so if there was an emergency, you had to gi</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ve up the line. If there was an emergency--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">if you didn't, they would take your telephone out and you'd never get</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> a telephone again. So that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">good and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">responsible. And I think Mrs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Westling</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was the telephone--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">she had it in her</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> home. She and her </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">daughter, I believe, operated it, I'm pretty sure. They lived up by the bank, I rememb</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">er that. But I can't tell you--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we didn't have names on the streets that I know of.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so did you get your news mostly on the radio? Was there a newspaper also?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> There was. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">There was a little newspaper there. And I believe it was for Hanford and White </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Bluffs. And my brother actually </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">worked for that newspaperman. First you start out just because he thought it w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ould be fun. Phil asked him, he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">said, would you like to know something about publishing a newspaper? And so</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Dutch went and worked for him. That's what we called him--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we didn't call him Virgil. And he went and worked for him</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. And they did publish a little </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">newspaper. It </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was a weekly, just once a week. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And, of course, they had all the Ladies Aid tea parties, things like that, things a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t the church. Everything was in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there. Yeah, a little gossipy paper. It wasn't malicious. It was just who had a lunch</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">eon at their place or whatever. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so, when he got older and came out of the Army, he went and took formal ne</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">wspapering, went to college and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">took it. And he became a newspaperman. Boise Statesman was one of them. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he went down to California. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he worked down there for a while, about 10 years there. So that was good for him.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">He got started in--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Yeah, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">What businesses do you remember being in White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Well, I remember Rei</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erson's Grocery. And I remember around the back of it </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was a little creamery where you could--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in fact, they picked up a can of cream at our back porch every mornin</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">g, because we had, by then, two </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cows. And one was a Guernsey and one was a Jersey, and they both had lots of cr</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">eam. So we couldn't use all the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cream, even for six kids.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So they would come and pick that up. And my sister, Helen, alway</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s did the ironing. She </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">liked to iron. That was her job. And so he would come, and here she'd be on that ba</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ck porch, early in the morning, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">starting the ironing.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And he says, I don't think you've gone to bed. He was a kidder.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> But that was what she did, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">she was excellent at it.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So there was Rei</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erson's and--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And the creamery. And there was a little garage back there, and I can't rem</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ember the name of it because we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">didn't have a car. But there was a little garage back there. And there was Pop English's drugsto</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">re. Everybody </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">knew where that was. Pop English and his wife had no children. But they owned this little drugstore. And they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">made the best ice cream in the world, and he sold it there. And you could have an ice cream cone for a nickel. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">mean it was an ice cream cone. And a dime was a double dipper, and it had </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">two shelves and then one cone—</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">went down to one cone. And that was a dime. And it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hard, if you had a dime, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">to decide whether you wanted to do that or not. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I remember my mother used to give us two penni</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">es for Jesus to take to Sunday s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ch</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ool. And I always put one in. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">figured Jesus wouldn't care if I have a rope licorice from Pop English's. And years late</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r, I told her, I said, Mama, if </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I would have known that Jesus didn't want my money like I do n</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ow--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he wants our </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">love, has nothing to do with my two cents--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I would have brought you h</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ome one. She says, your Sunday s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cho</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ol dress was the messiest thing </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ever. She says it was always was covered in black. And, she says, the rest of the girls I could just </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">press the back </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">of that little white dress with some water and make it good for next Sunday. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And she says, they could wear a Sunday s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">chool dress for all month [AUDIO OUT]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> but you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. But she says, I never knew that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And I said, well, I says, if I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">would've known better, which I know now, you'd have had one, too.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> By then I was about 47 years old.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">alking about the school in White Bluffs, how large was it, how many students do </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">you think there were, and maybe </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">the teachers that you remember particularly--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I would say that, in my first and second grade class, there was 18 that I can na</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me off, that I can remember. We </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had a little boy come there named Carter House. And I think his father was so</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">mething to do with engineering. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Allard, Sam Allard kept the irrigation system and the electric thing, and I think Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> House had something to do with </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it. But we had never seen a child look like this before. He looked li</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ke he stepped out of a catalog. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">He had this blonde-- beautiful boy-- had this little blonde hair all cut so nice. And he wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">re little argyle knee socks </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and little suit pants and a little white shirt and little slaps on his shoes. And I thou</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ght, my gosh, that's the cutest </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">little boy I've ever seen. And, of course, he didn't know how to share. And one day I was swinging on the sw</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ing, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and Alice Moody looked out the window. And here was this little boy grabbing tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t swing and taking it away from </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me. And she says, we don't do that here. She says, you have to wait yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ur turn. She says, when Leatris is done </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with it, she says, you can have it. It'll be your turn.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> But they were probably nice peop</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">le, it's just that they weren't </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">White Bluffs-oriented.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so you want to talk about Alice Moody a little bit? She was your first--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Ah, she was a wonderful teacher.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--grade teacher, is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Wonderful lady. She taught first, second, and, I believe, possibly third. And there</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was probably, I would suppose, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">18 in the first grade, and probably close to that in second. And then there wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s the third grade. And we had—we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">did not have separate rooms, but we had little partitions that she would p</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ut up so that we would keep our </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">attention. And we did have monitors. Everybody helped everybody. If there was a l</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ittle boy that needed help with </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">numbers and somebody was good with it, she would assign them to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">help that child. It wasn't--it was probably the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">most together community. If something was unfair on the playground, it was put </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a stop to right away, sometimes </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">by the children. And teachers, if they were in their room, they kept a window open in good weath</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">er because if </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there was anything wrong in the playground, it was either reported or taken care </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">of. And I can't remember fights </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">on school. I can't remember that, ever. It would never have been tolerated.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">How did you get to school, did you walk--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, y</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">es</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--or did you ride the bus?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Everybody walked. The only children I r</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">emember that came in on a bus--oh, what was his name</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Mr</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Fisher's </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">school bus. Mr. Fisher,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I believe. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nd he came in on a little bus--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with a li</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ttle bus. And I think they were </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">probably from out toward Saddle Mountain and farms like that because the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y had to go to school. But I do </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">remember a little bus. And I don't even remember that it was painted yellow or anythi</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ng. I think it kind of reminded </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me of maybe a van. But it had windows in it and</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> it</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was kind of squared. It seems like it was dark gray.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And so far was the school from your home?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I, let me see. We had to pass </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Saths</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">’ o</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">rchard, the whole leng</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">th of their orchard, and then </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Beldins</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">’. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And then we had to walk across the front </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">of </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Beldins</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> and their [AUDIO OUT] </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was pretty good sized. And then we had to walk up past </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Summers</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">'</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> up the hill to our house. So I would supp</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ose it was probably a mile. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">some of them walked a lot more than that. And Mrs. Moody used to bring ki</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ds in with her when she came to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">school because she drove to school. And she was</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> around the Reach, around the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was last reactor. And Old Town </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">used to be there. The whole town used to be on the river at one time. But they moved it away because I think t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hey </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were progressing. People were moving in, spreading out. Orchards were filling </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in. And I think that's why they probably moved the town. But</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> we had a movie theater. We had a movie thea</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ter. And somebody from the Tri-</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Cities came over with a movie. In the summertime, we had a movie once a week,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> probably in the evening early, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">about seven. And then, in the wintertime, it was kind of hit and miss whenever the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y could get over or whatever, I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">don't know. I can't remember. But we did have movies there.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Do you remember any movies that you saw</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> over there</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">No, I wouldn't remember that. I probably wouldn't even have understood it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But it wasn't anything that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">offensive because they didn't do that.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Where was the movie theater in relationship to some of the other businesses</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Okay, across the street from Rei</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erson's Grocery, and also across the cross street wher</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e the railroad came to fill the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cars, that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> right across the street from Rei</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erson's Grocery as you come in t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">o White Bluffs. Then there was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">main drag. And there was a railroad hotel there, because they had railroad workers</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> that, when they went out to do things to the railroad--the rails out there--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they had to have people. And then they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> also rented to other people if </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they came in and there was a room empty. And it was right </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">across the street from Reierson's Grocery from this </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">one that's burned off. And behind there was a building. And that's wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ere they had the movie theater. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And it was just an old building, I d</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">on't know. It had seats in it--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">not wonderful, but seats. And then t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hey had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">balcony on it, too, so that was good. Kids would go up there and of course,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> you know. One time we had some holy r</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ollers in there that rented it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And they were rolling around on the floor.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And my brother and his buddies </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were up there taking toilet paper, throwing rolls down t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">here. They were all in little--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I don't know, rolling around.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">The Spirit moved them, I guess. Boy, they got in trouble for that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> But it was used for</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> a lot of things. If they had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">commu</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nity meeting or something, they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">'d either use it, the high school or that little</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> building, depending on what it </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was about. Sometimes it was a farm meeting, or a new spray that was coming </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">out, or what they should do and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">shouldn't do.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I was going to ask you about any community events that you remember, either picnic</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s, or Fourth of July things, or </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">boat races--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Boat races we had right there. They did not start in Tri-Cities. They started at White B</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">luffs. It was wonderful. Mr. Kilian</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> used to slice his big watermelons and sell them for $0.05.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Pop English us</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ed to sell his ice cream cones. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, and the Ladies A</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">id always had something going--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cookies or something or a b</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ake sale. And it was just a fun </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">time. And we had a band. We used to gather up a band and have m</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">usic there. It was pretty good. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And in the spring, we always had a little May Day thing. And we had a maypole. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nd they would twine the strings </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">around it like they do. And we ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d a program--quite a program--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">at the high scho</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ol. And we had one that we were </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in that</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was the doll dance. And Alice </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Beyers</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was supposed to be the French</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> lady who had the dolls. And so </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we had these cute little dresses on, little ballerina-type dresses. And she would c</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ome around and wind us up. That </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was the first start of it, and we danced to the tune, the doll dance. [AUDIO OUT] old</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, old, tune. And each one of us </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">she wound up. And we started dancing. And we would dance around this ma</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ypole. And that was part of the program. And we had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">oh, I remember my sister had a reading. "I want to live in the house by the side of</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> the road, and be a friend of man,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">" is the way it goes. And each stanza end</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s with that. And every single--my mother tutored her, her teacher tutored her--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and at the end of every one of those stanzas when she got u</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">p there, "I want to live in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">house by the side of the road and be friendly with men." It brought down the hous</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e, of course. Oh, my mother was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">so embarrassed. She wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s so embarrassed. [LAUGHTER] So when she-later in life--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">when s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he had a beautiful garden and a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">family of her own, I found that on a plaque that you put out in your garden, an open b</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ook with this on it in a plaque </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">form. And it said, "I want to live in the house by the side of the road and be a friend t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">o man."</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I said, this is for old </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">memories, Helen</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, and she laughed</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. She had a good laugh out of that.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">You mentio</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ned earlier your Sunday s</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">chool dress. What church did you go to?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Well, I think at that--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">first, we went to the Presbyterian, but then they closed that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> But then we went to the little </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Lutheran church I think was up in back of the bank. And we went there for a w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hile. But my dress was always a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">mess. I come home with licorice all over it because, of course, I had to stop and t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ake one of those pennies, buy a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">licorice at Pop English's drugstore.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Do you remember any other churches in the community?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I do not. I don't remember that there was Catholic </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">church</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> there. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> don't remember that there was. </span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I wonder—</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I know that the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Wanapum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> people were in the area. I wonder </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">if you have any memories of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Wanapum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Indians, or--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, yes. We had--I don't know that they--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> were Johnny Buck's Indian tribe.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> My brother knew Frank Buck. He </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had two wives. One was old and had</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> white hair, and her name was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Deloria</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. And I don't remember the other </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">one. But they were fine people. They came in and they would gather fruit off the gro</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">und because it was ready to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">dry. They would catch fish out of that river and smoke it and just grab your nos</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e and want you to go down there </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and have some. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And they were just fine people. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">They ca</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me in usually before cherries--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">you would see them before cher</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ries--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d then you would see them every </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">day out in the orchards. And nobody ever charged anybody for that. They could have all they wanted. And my</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">mother actually learned to dry fruit. And oh, that smelled good, just waft up and grab you by the nose. And they</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">put it in little, thin sheets like cheesecloth. Th</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ey'd make a rack with willows--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ma</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ke a rack, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">weave it, and put it </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">between maybe stumps of willows, little tiny seedling willows that were comin</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">g up. And they would make these </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">racks. And they would put this cheesecloth over it to keep the flies away. And they w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ould dry it. And they would dry fruit all summer long--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">peaches, cherries, apricot, apples, everything. And they ta</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ught my mother that if you soak </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">them just a few minutes in saltwater, they will not turn brown. And they won't salt th</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e fruit. And so she learned how to do that. And the fish—oh! W</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hen they smoked that fish, you wanted to go down there and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">just have some. It just smelled </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">delicious. They had a mixture they mixed up to put on it so it wouldn't dry it out</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. And they would take the whole </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">bone out of it. They'd slice it. They take the scale off, the skin off, and the ribs</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> out. And they would place that </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">between these same little cloths and dry it. And they would smoke it from beneath and they'd ke</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ep that just really </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">low. Oh, you could smell it al</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">l over the valley. You'd just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">oh! And it was deliciou</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s. They did a good job. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were i</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nteresting. Interesting, interesting people. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And you know it was a good [AUDIO OUT] for kids. I remember my brother used go</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> up, 14 or 15 years old, he and his two buddies Leo and Louie Russo--Leo </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Goodner</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> and Louie Russo- and they'd go up to Saddle </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Mountain, take a little flour and little baking powder and maybe some salt and so</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me lard. And they'd go up there </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and stay for a couple days. Nobody thought anything of it. There was a little sp</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ring up there and it was always </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">green. And they'd just camp out and snare a rabbit or</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> whatever. They just couldn't--they just loved it. Usually he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">went in good weather, yes. But we didn't have bad weather in summertime. But you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> wouldn't let a 14-year-old kid </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">out now, three of them all by themselves? </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">[LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But they had wonderful times. And it </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was a good place to raise kids, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and it was good place to be raised, too. Really good.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I want to ask you about the sheriff.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, Roy Bean was a fine man. I think I told you about him coming to get the boys to take the--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">You did before we started recording on the film--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, he was a deputy sheriff out of the Tri-Citie</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s. And I think the main thing--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he office was up in probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Yakima, I'm not sure. But he had two little girls. And Roberta went to school </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with me. And Loretta came along </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">later. She was younger by a couple of years. But he came to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">our house one morning, and he--we were just up. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Dutch wasn't up yet, my brother. But he said, I wonder, is Virgil up yet? And he sai</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d, no, he said, but I'll go get </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">him. He said, what's he done now? And he says, he's sure going to get it if he's gott</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">en into trouble. And he says, now I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">want you to understand. He says, there's nothing going to be trouble about this, Joe. He says, I want you to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">go get </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">him up. He says, his two buddies are in my car. And, he says, we're going to do </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a little favor for some people. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And he said, I don't want any repercussions about this. I don't want any quest</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ions about it. If I hear of any </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">beatings about this, he says, I will deal with it. And my dad went in and got Dutch</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> up. And he came out and got in the car. He was dressed. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And they went up to the packing hous</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e, which is right across from Rei</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erson's G</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">rocery. And he says, now, we're </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">going to go get that car, which you pushed down this incline last night and release</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d the brake. And he says, we're </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">going to push it back up that slight hill. It was probably down there about seven, eight blocks. Wel</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">l, it was uphill, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">now. It wasn't so easy. But, he says, I'll help you with the brake here. And he said, w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e'll keep this released. And he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">said, we'll push this back u</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">p. So he got those three boys--probably 14, 15 years old--to push that car about </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">seven or eight blocks up to be iced. And he came home. He was pretty sweaty </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and he was pretty tired. And he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">wanted some breakfast.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER] But n</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">othi</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ng was ever mentioned about it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And he was a fine man. He knew how to handle people. And he wasn't out there to bully anybody </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">or--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and later,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he came to a family reunion. We called him up and invited him, because we knew he'd lived in Milton-</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Freewater</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">him and his </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">wife. And, of course, Roberta-</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I kept track of Roberta because she </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">moved here. That was his oldest </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">daughter. And so I was glad to meet them. And we invited him to the get-together</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. And he mentioned that. And he laughed about it to Dutch. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Dutch was a little uneasy when he thought we were going to invite the Beans.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER] And I said, he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">made a good joke out of it. He says, I've used that a lot of times, he said, on how </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">to and how not to. And he said, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">you turned out pretty good. He says, turned out pretty good.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Someone else I wanted to ask you about-- when we were talking earlier, you we</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">re mentioning a man named Ellis </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">John--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, Ellis John was an interesting person. He lived down in old town in just one of </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">the abandoned buildings. He had </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">been on some kind of a merchant ship. And somebody on that ship that worke</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d with him attacked him. And he </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was beating on him, and he killed him. And so they sent him to a penitentiary. It was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> kind of an accidental killing. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">He did</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">n't mean to but he was really--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">that's what I got out of it. But he lived</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> there. He came to White Bluffs </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">because it was such a nice little town. He came through there and he like</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And he was an artist, a real artist. He did pictures of people. And he would mak</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e a few bucks, did paintings of </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">them. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d when I had my 10th birthday--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">my mother used to leave vegetables and</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> fruit on his porch because she </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">knew he didn't have a garden. And she always left vegetab</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">les and fruit if we had extra--because we always had extra--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">on his porch because he was kind of a recluse. But he would come out an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d talk to you. He was pleasant. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And when I had my 10th birt</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hday, my folks bought Muriel </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Bel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">din’s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> girl's bi</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ke for me to ride. And it was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">smaller bike. And he painted roses on the fenders of that blue and white bike. And I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> had the prettiest bike in town </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">when I moved to Walla Walla.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So I always remembered him </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">because I was fascinated with--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">in</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> fact, I took art in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">school because I was so fascinated with him. He would sit </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there and sketch somebody and--right in front of your </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">eyes-- and make it live. And you wondered how he did that. He used charcoal a l</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ot, and pen and ink, and paint. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Just-- and I always felt bad because his life was kind of w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">asted there. He could've been--I mean he could make a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">likeness of anybody perfectly. But he chose to be there because we accepted him</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, and we respected his privacy. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">He had been through a lot. And I don't think he was a murderous person. I think it was something that happened.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So when and why did your family leave White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, in 1937, Hitler was very busy. And by 1941, he</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> was even busier. And in June--in April of 1941, we moved to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Walla Walla. My dad says, there's going to be some military. He says, you can bet you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r sweet life. He says, it's big </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">enough to have some military. And he said, I want to be where there's some</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> jobs. And so we moved to Walla Walla. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And there was a veterans' hospital here and he was a veteran. And he said, I jus</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t think it'd be better, because </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they had surveyed our area in 1937, '36 or '37, I'm not sure which. But we kep</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t surveyors at our house, so we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">knew they were surveying for something. And it took them</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, oh,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> a couple years to surve</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y all that area that they were </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">looking at.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But you didn't know what they were--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">They didn't even know what they were surveying for. They were hired by the Uni</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ted States government. And they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were employees of the United States government. So we kept Mama an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d Daddy Redd, we called them. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were nice people. They had no children, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they just loved us. They just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">she taught us really good things,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">things that we hadn't learned from our mom. Mama didn't know how to make fudge. She'd never had that much</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">sugar to spare in her life.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So we all learned how to make fudge and pe</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nuche and good stuff from Ma Redd.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So you knew they were working for the government, but you didn't know--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">We didn't know. They didn't know. But they were there about, I would say, two ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ars. So I associate it with the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Manhattan Project because it's a logical. Hitler was busy. Oh boy, was he busy.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So I don't know. It might have </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">been, it might not have been. We thought it was an irrigation project. We were so excited, because an</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> irrigation </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">project [AUDIO OUT] would have given us more, see, I mean, you could have irrigated more land. But--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So how were you when you left White Bluffs and you moved</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I had my 11th birthday here. It was in the spring of 1941. And we didn't have war un</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">til 1941, December 7. </span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So as a 10- and 11-year-old girl, what did you think of leaving White Bluffs and moving to Walla Walla?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Oh, I thought I was going to die. For one thing, they had a Holstein cow over at </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Margaret Stearns's where w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e lived in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">her little house when we came here. And my father took care of her yard and m</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ilked her cow and separated the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">milk. It was a Holstein cow. That's like skim milk. I didn't drink milk for a year. I coul</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">dn't handle it. I mean, we were used to--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we had cream on top of</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> milk. And then we sold half of it to the little dair</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y. And, I says, this is what we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">slop the pigs with. I'm not drinking th</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">is. And they worried about me--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I wasn't dri</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nking milk. But it was probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">better for me, but I wasn't used to it. I wasn't used to it. The Scandinavian blood in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">me calls for that milk with the </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">fat in it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Did you keep in contact with the people from White Bluffs after you moved here to Walla Walla?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I knew Bonnie Morris w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">as here, and her sister, Ruth--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">her sister-in-law, Ruth. They were both Mor</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ris girls. And I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">don't think they were sisters. I think they were cousins because we had two Morris f</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">amilies there. But Ruth went to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">school with my sister Dorothy at White Bluffs High School. And I went to school </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with Bonnie Morris, who went to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">White Bluffs Grade School. And I'll tell you what, I was sure jealous of that gi</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">rl. She could do handstands and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">cartwheels all around the White Bluffs Grade School and not stop. She could do a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> flip over and throw herself up </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and come</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> down on her feet. And I just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">as just amazed. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">She was a couple years older than me, or I thought she was. But I don't think so. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">think she was probably close to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">my age. She probably--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">maybe</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> it was one year. But she was a fantastic athlete. Even t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he boys envied her. I mean, she </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">could just flip around like a circus performer. And here I was, a tomboy, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">not delightful with things like </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">gymnastics. The</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">re was always somebody we envy</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> when we were kids.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So in 1943, a couple years after you moved away, the federal government came in and--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Cleaned out everything.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> --everybody </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had to leave. Did you hear about that from people you used</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">My sister was living there.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, she was, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> She was living in the Johnson place. She said nobody </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ever came and got the beautiful </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">antiques she had upstairs. She had a teapot that came over on </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">the Mayflower. The legs were--it was a silver </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">teapot, and the legs were actually worn completely off. And it had the Ford name on it.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So which sister was this, then, who had</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">That w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">as Dorothy, my oldest sister that</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> I love so much.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And why had she stayed there?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">She stayed there because she had husband who was a truck driver. And she w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">as expecting her first baby and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">didn't really know what else to do. And he was gone.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Was this someone she had met in White Bluffs, then, or--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">She met him in Kennewick. She was working at Kennewick General Hospital </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">at the time. And she met Vern </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">Fouracre</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And they got mar</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ried at our house. In fact, we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">c</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span class="SpellingError SCX45489217">hivareed</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> them at o</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ur house. And that was probably when--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I was 13 when I was an aunt, so Colleen was born in '43. And she wasn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> born there. She was born—she </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was pregnant when she was there but she was born after that. And that's w</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hen they moved them out. They </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had to move everybody out. And I always wondered whatever became of Mrs</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> John</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">son's beautiful things, because </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were museum things. They should've been in a museum. They shouldn't have been in an attic.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Where did your sister and her husba</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nd go, then, when they had to leave?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, they went back to Kennewick. And Colleen was born in Kennewick. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Was born in--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">[AUDIO OUT] Then she came </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">to Walla </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Walla. And she had a little boy a year or two later. She had four.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Have you ever gone back to--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">We went to the Hanford-White Bluffs picnics, I think, four or five times. And then,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> of course, the people who were doing the arranging for it--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Annette Hereford and I can't remember the other boy. I can't remember the boy.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Man off-camera</span>: Bob Grisham, maybe?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I believe, I believe. They graduated high school with Dorothy. And they just were get</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ting too old to do that. And it </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was hard thing. And people were dying off. But Alice Moody was at the last one. I wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s, too. And I loved seeing her. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And I knew her immediately. She looked just like herself, just exactly.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">So when you went to the reunions, it usually was a picnic, right, at the park, Howard Amon Park. Did you also</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> do a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">tour</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">We did, we did. We could take our car in. First time, I think they had a bus for pe</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ople who had no transportation, because the Tri-Cities had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were old. Some people weren't driving anymore.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> So they evidently had acquired </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a bus for some that couldn't. And whoever had room in cars, we took them. But o</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">urs was always full because our </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">kids were just fascinated by this. And we went to the dinners, little </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">banquets that we had you. Mr. Reierson was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">What did you think when you had a chance to go back and see the land, the area where--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Broke my heart. Just broke my hear</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t. We had a hard time finding--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">we wouldn't have found where our house was,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">except there was a water tank associated with this pump. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it set out front. It was made--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and a lot of the people</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">had them. Some of them had brick with a liner in it. But this one was cement and was kind of cone-shaped, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">evidently was a holding tank for the house, or whatever. I don't know, I'm not sure.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> But it was there. And that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">still there. They hadn't knocked t</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hat down. That's the only way--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and it set up on a hill</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">. It was the first row of hills </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">as y</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ou came down toward the river--dropped down the river to Old T</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">own. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d so, that was how we found it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But there wasn't any stumps of trees left. There wasn't anything left. They actuall</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">y had the crew of conscientious </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">objectors at McNeil Island come down and cut the trees and the wood out of ther</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e, and took it back for fuel by </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">truckloads. And that was the la</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">st, just before they released--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">they were already sta</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">rting to build the reactors and </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">things and dig the systems underneath</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, and storage thing under the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But it wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s a wonderful place to grow up, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and I don't know that they'll ever get it cleaned up.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Anything that we haven't talked about yet in terms of White Bluffs, any stories o</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r events that stand out that we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">haven't had a chance to talk about?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I just think it was the best place to the world to raise kids because there was a comm</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">unity spirit-- that I never saw </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">favoritism. I never saw belligerence about minding rules. I always saw a humanit</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">arianism. If you knew that your </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">husband or your neighbors or anybody was having a problem, you didn't make it y</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">our business. You didn't gossip </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">about it. It wasn't a usual. It was more of any empathy, more of a symp</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">athetic, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">let'</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s just do what we can for them. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I never saw the malice toward anybody because they were poor or maybe did </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">something wrong. If there was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">wrong committed, it was straightened out and talked about by the two people that did it. And it was left</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> alone. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And they had a tavern there. [AUDIO OUT] And, even there, it was not tolerated fo</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r people to act like a bunch of savages or fights or--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">It was a place to go have a cold beer if you wanted one</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">, but I don't remember a lot of drunkenness or--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I don't </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">think he would have--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Harry somebody was his name. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t ended up two people owned it, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">but I can't remember what their name was.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, the tavern?</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> And we were gone, but they told us abou</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">t it. And I can't remember, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">that was the last of it. And it was just a little tavern. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> probably, I don't know--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it was prob</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ably four or five little tables </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and maybe a row along the bar. I remember standing out there one time becaus</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">e my dad went in to have a beer </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">with a friend. And I said, well I'll wait out here and eat this ice cream cone from Pop </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">English. [LAUGHTER] I knew what to do with it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">He was a fine man. He actually </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">organized the White Bluffs band.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Oh, right.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> T</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">he high sc</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">hool band. And he made room for </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">everybody. Ev</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">erybody had-- Ola Meeks</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> could do the baton twirl, and she taught two other</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> girls to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">do that. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">d they had white pants with </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">it's either black or n</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">avy blue stripe down the side--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and a white shirt,</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> just a </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">plain little white shirt. The girls wore a white blouse. And everybody had a part in </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">high school band. And they went </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">up to Yakima and they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">took first place. That little</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">-- and competing against Ke</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">nnewick, Pasco? It was amazing! </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Somewhere we have a picture, and I don't have the picture. I can't find it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> [LAUGHTER] But</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> Dorothy ju</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">st loved it. She played a drum, </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">and she just loved it. And they did </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">a good job. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">No, it was a fine place to grow up. And it was sad, because it really was a ne</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">ighborhood community. And there </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were people who</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> had plenty, I mean, they had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">there were well-to-do people there. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">But they didn't flaunt it. They </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were no different when they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">went to the Grange meeting. Or whether they </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">were entertaining, it was not—there </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">was not any class distinction. And especially at school I noticed it. That's </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">unusual. That's unusual. And we </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">welcomed it.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, I want to thank you very much for letting us come here and talk to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">you today, and for sharing your </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">memories--</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Well, you use what you can. I know you you'll cut, because, of course, you can't. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">You have to do what you have to </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">do. But I know that people are going to give you some wonderful stories, storie</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">s about how they were accepted. </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">And I'm sure every one of those people that you interview will tell you the same</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">thing, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> it was a wonderful </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">community.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">Thanks again very much. I appreciate it.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX45489217"><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reid</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">I appreciate you</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217">r</span><span class="TextRun SCX45489217"> coming.</span><span class="EOP SCX45489217"> </span></p>
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Location
The location of the interview
Yakima, Washington
Bit Rate/Frequency
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227 kbps
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Boehmer, Dorothy
Boehmer, LaVonne
Boehmer, Helen
Boehmer, Virgi
Boehmer, Darlene
Ford, Henry
Borden, Patsy
Moody, Alice
Bean, Roy
John, Ellis
Fouracre, Vern
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:59:59
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Leatris Reid
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Leatris Reed conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
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Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
8/27/2013
Rights
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Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
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video/mp4
Date Modified
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2016-06-22: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Bluffs (Wash.)
Walla Walla (Wash.)
swimming
Walla Walla (Wash.)
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2ef98f841615da0c95bd236509f3be0a.jpg
c027cf4d6ac547aa7a70199207bd8864
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F88a6918187bf5609936480b5be0b837c.mp4
2245074063970b1c41729a69fc2e7eca
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Dick Wiehl
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX201929330">
<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Northwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Wiehl_Dick</span></span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">My name is Robert Bauman.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> I'm conducting an oral history </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">interview with Dick </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Wiehl</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> on June 25 of 2013, and we're conducting the interv</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">iew on the campus of Washington </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">State University Tri-Cities. And I'll be talking to Mr. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Wiehl</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> about his family's history</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, particularly their history in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">White Bluffs and the area around there. So I'm going to start with maybe talking about your</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> family first, asking </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">about them. Do you know how and when they came to the White Bluffs area?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Dick </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Wiehl</span></span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">: Well, my grandfather</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hat's who we're talking about--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">came in the late 1</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">890s, and it was as a result of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">advertisement, which was nationwide, I suppose, at the time to get people out he</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">re to populate the area. And he </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">came out with the prospect of buying some acreage, which he did, and upon whic</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">h they established a ranch. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that would have been in the very latest part of the 1890s.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And do you know where he came from?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Minnesota.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Did he come by himself?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">He came with his father, initially. Then his father went back and lived the rest of his</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> life back in Minnesota. He had </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a good position back there, but this w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">as an opportunity for a young man</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> to strike out on his own </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and see if the road </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was, indeed, paved with gold in the West. And that's how the land was sold.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Sure. Do you know much about your mother's family? I'm sorry, your grandmother's family, the Craig family, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah, and she was Hattie Wright from the Craig</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> family. And she came from E</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">llen</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sburg, so she was out here even </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">before my grandfather. And how they met, I don't know. But I do know that th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ey were married about 1900, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">then moved on together and onto the ranch that my grandfather was then establishing </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">on the banks of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Columbia River.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So could you describe the ranch? I know you didn't really live there, but you spent some summers there.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, I was born in 1936, and they were out of there in 1943.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> So those were the years that--obviously, I don't </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">remember much from 1936. But from about 1940</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> on</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, I do. I have vivid memories and</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> sto</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ries that were told. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd so </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that's really where my relationship started was about that time.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Can you describe the ranch?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">It was, in my perspective, it was huge.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And it was. There were thousands of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">acres that were leased, and the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ranch, kind of the official ranch itself, was several hundred acres. And, of course, to a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">child at that time, I'd go with </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">my grandfather, and we'd go horseback riding, and he would be checking on various op</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">erations on the ranch on a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">day-to-day basis, and we'd go all day</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">. [LAUGHTER] A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd have lunch somewhere in sad</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">dle bags, and then come back by </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">evening. And we'd be gone from 7 o'clock in the morning until 6 o'clock in the eve</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ning, just riding on the ranch. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Never left it. So it was a big ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. So what sort of crops did your grandfather grow?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, the crops I remember specifically, because I was out there picking potato </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">bugs, were the potatoes. And so </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">they grew potatoes. They had gardens. They were completely self-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sufficient. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">d I remember my grandmother out </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there working in a large garden, and the other vegetables that they had I wouldn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> recall. But there were lots of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">them, and the potatoes were where I would come in. And they had cattle, a lot of cattle, which w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ere on the range</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">land that they had leased. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">They had goats. They had chickens. And just had horses, obviously horses. J</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ust about every animal that you </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would need in an operating ranch. And some of the animals were work animals, and some of them were riding</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">some of the horses were riding hor</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ses. And they had a lot of them. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd just th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e care and maintenance of those </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">animals was a full-time job, which wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s generally done by the women--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">meaning</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> my grandmother</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> or the younger </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">kids when they were there, or then eventually my aunt, who was a teenager when t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hey had to move out of there in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">1943. Just took care of the chickens and things like that.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Now did you have siblings or cousins who would spend the summer there?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. I had a younger sister, but she was too young to be involved in that.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And now the cattle, did they sell any of the cattle?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, yeah. They were involved in the cattle markets, and I can remember the wailin</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">g and moaning over the, this is </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a Republic</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">an cattle market, or this is a D</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">emocratic cattle market.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Whether things </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">were up or down, that's the way </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">they would talk about </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">it. And they could always blame</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> somebody for the fact th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at the market was down. So that </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was important to them.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you have any idea where they sold the cattle?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No, no, no.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So what other buildings were there besides the ranch house itself?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">The main ranch house, and then there were a cold room, a big refrigerator, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ctually, which was an ice room. Several buildings, which were-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> T</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he house fronted on a lane. The lane was the highway that actually ran </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">through </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">from Othello and Moses Lake to the Columbia River, where you'd catch it to go </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">over to White Bluffs, which was immediately across the river. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And so their front yard was immediately contiguous to that road. Across the road were several buildings. I d</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">on't </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">recall how many, but several for machinery. Barns, lean-tos, rather ramshackle but</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> utilitarian structures for the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">housing machinery. And then they had chicken coops, and they raised goats, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd they had goat houses, and so </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">they had a lot of outlying buildings, which were particularized for a certain function on the ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And when you spent summers there, was there, for instance, electricity?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. There</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was a telephone, and that was- W</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hen I was originally there, there wasn't electricity. In fact, I don'</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t know </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">if there ever was electricity. I think that it was coming, and it may have been there in</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> the latter years, but that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">relatively new, if there at all. The telephone, I do remember, because that was ex</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">citing when anybody on the line </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">got a call, becaus</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e everybody was included in it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">You'd dial an operator, a central operator that was in White Bluffs. I'm sure that </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">must've been where she was. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">she was on a first name basis with everybody. It was one ring here and two rings there, and so the telepho</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ne was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">quite an active source of getting the w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ord out in the small community. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> how’d that work? So i</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">f t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he phone rang in the house-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: It</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">’d be two rings; </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> meant it was your phone. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: If it was more than that-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Or less, it was somebody else's phone. It didn't make any difference. Ever</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ybody went over and got it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sometimes they’d even join into the conversation when</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> they weren't supposed to be even on the line.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Not a whole lot of privacy.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">[LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> then what about irrigation? You must have had some sort of irrigation</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">They had irrigation. I can remember wandering through the fie</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">lds with my grandfather as he-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">T</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">here was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">blockages that occurred from time to time in the ditches that were coming out from </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> were outlets for the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">water. And they had a good irrigation system. They must have taken the water ri</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ght out of the Columbia, pumped </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">it up there, and distributed it, because the ranch was on a level, probably two o</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">r three feet above the Columbia </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">River. So it wouldn't have been difficult to do. Lots of pipe. I remember he had</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> a shipment of pipe come in one </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">time when I was there.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">What kind of pipe? Like cement?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah. It was, and it was very, very heavy. It'd last forever, I thought, not realizin</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">g that the government was going </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">to probably dig it all up in a couple of years.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And then what about the house itself? Do you remember how large it was, how </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">many bedrooms, or anything like </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: It had two bedrooms,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> a master bedroom and a kid</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s bedroom, because when I</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was there, my aunt was still—she </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was just a couple years older than I. And so she had her bedroom, and my gran</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">dparents had their bedroom, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">then there was a large sleeping porch on one end of the house, where since I</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was there in the summertime, I </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would sleep with my grandfather on this sleeping porch. And there were a room </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">for a couple of other people to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sleep out there too if we had</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> guests or something like that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And then there was a huge room in the center of the house, where they had co</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">mmunity gatherings. I mean, it was that big. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o that if the local farmers wanted to get together for a meeting of some ki</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd followed by snacks or even a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">dance, they would always have it in that what Grandpa called the great hall. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> it was large by my estimation. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd then they had the other big room in the center of the house was the kitchen </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and dining area. And those are </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the rooms I remember. I'm sure there probably were other rooms that I was nev</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">er even shown to. But those are </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the rooms I remember.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So it was a place where people came.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Oh, yes, oh, yes. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Very definitely.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Wow. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And at the time you were there, it was a larger house that had that?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Y</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">es. They kept adding on until--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I think it probably took its final shape in about 1920.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Wow. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Now</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> you mentioned your aunt. I wonder if you could just for clarification</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> state t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he children, or I guess in your </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">father's generation, who--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, all right. Their dad was born in 1909. Wright, the oldest, was born in 1903. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd Elroy, the youngest boy, was, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I would say</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> 1920. And my aunt was 1933.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Quite a range.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">About 20 years.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">For that time, it was quite a range.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And you were born</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">In 1936.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: 1936. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">In Yakima?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">In Yakima, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd so your family was in Yakima-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: But you would spend summers-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yes, I couldn't wait for the summers. I had to get o</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ver there and spend time with—Well, I was the baby at that point, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and so I loved that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd loved to get over there and play with his tractors. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> that's what I would do. He had </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">several tractors. The one that I liked was a very ni</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ce John Deere big green tractor. But it was a small tractor for </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">those times. And so I could actually sit on the seat, and by the time I was six, I</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> could reach the pedals. Now to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">guard against anything ever happening, the battery was always taken out whe</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">n I came over there, so nothing </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would go awry.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">One time I came over though, and I think it was either in '41 or '42, because I had to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">be at least that old. We </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">pulled down into the driveway, and I jumped out of the car and ran over to the tracto</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">r, which was sitting out on the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">road. I mean, this was the highway that it was sitting out on, which, as I explained earlier, just kind of ran rig</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ht </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">through the property. And I didn't know it, but the tractor had been used that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> morning, and my grandpa didn't </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">kn</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ow exactly when we were coming. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">In any event, he didn't take the battery out of the tractor. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So I jumped on and did what I'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> always hoped I could</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> do:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> drive the tractor. It started, and everybody was standing back completel</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">y amazed and shocked and dazed, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">because I roared down the street.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And Dad was running after me and Grand</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">father on the other side. And I </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">basically said, it's under control. Went down about 100 yards, turned around</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, brought the tractor back, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">stopped it. And Grandpa said, well, I guess we don't have to take the battery out anymore.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">But thinking of that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> what really kind of alarmed me was the fact that I was driving the tracto</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">r and having things </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">under perfect control, I thought. But I was a little concerned about my dad runni</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ng alongside on one side and my </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">grandfather on the other. I didn't think they could hold up a lot longer.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">That's</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> a great memory.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> So when you were there in the summers, you picked a lo</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t of potato bugs, and you would ride out with your grandfather?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. And just a lot of times sometimes play with my aunt. We would go exploring,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> and the property was vast, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there was always something, a place to go, an island to visit, and so we would ju</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">st do what kids do, and swim in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the Columbia River, and she raised a lot of little chickens. And so we would go</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> out and count the chickens and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">make sure they were fed and play with them. Th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ey were very cute little things. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd games. I m</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ean, it was a time </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">when kids would play board games. And so we got pretty good at a couple of those.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And you mentioned it was right on sort of the main road.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. It went right through the ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. So were there a lot of people driving through?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">From time to time. Nothing like today. But no, there would be two or three cars </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that I would see a day going in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">both directions. And I don't even know whether they had a ferry schedule, but I</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> know that my grandfather would </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">go down there at a certain time, which was a horse ride, it would have probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">been about a three-minute horse </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ride down to where the ferry was. And so he was committed to be there at certai</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">n hours. So from that, I assume </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there must've been some sort of schedule, but he wasn't there on call.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So he would,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was operating the ferry, take the ferry--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Back and forth.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: B</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ack and forth to the car on the other side.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And the whole procedure wouldn't take very long after he got the ferry started up.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So was he-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And I went down with him a lot </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">of times. And that was a big thrill, because he w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ould, if they were old diesel, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">it w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">as an old diesel engine, and he </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would get that. It seemed like it took forever to get that fired up, but when it was, it would</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> go </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">clunk, de-clunk, de</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-clunk, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">de-clunk, and then we would go, de-clunk, de-clunk, de-clunk across the load </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">one place or the other. I don't </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">remember, but it was back and forth. And if there were--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">How long did it take?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, the ferry ride itself, maybe five minutes. The river was pretty big, but still, you made steady progr</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ess. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">wouldn't say it was very long. But exciting. And you certainly needed the ferry, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ecause there were no bridges in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the area.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you know how long your grandfather had been operating the ferry?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, I think he ran that for</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, well, 20 years anyhow. Yeah, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">because he ran it right up until 1943</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, and certainly, from '23. That </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would have been 20 years. That much an</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">d probably more. Probably more. Probably back to maybe 13.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">That was probably operating up to 1943.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, yeah. Right up to the time they left, and he took the keys with him.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So did you-- your grandparents' ranch w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">as on one side of the Columbia from </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Mm-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">hm</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">as just across the river.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Across the river. Did you go over </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there fairly often</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And what sorts of things did you do?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I would be there when Grandpa would take the ferry over, and he'd maybe wai</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t for 10 or 15 minutes or maybe </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sometimes longer. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd if he had business-- he was in charge, so he could pretty </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">well decide when the ferry went </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">back. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> the ferry doc</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">k was right at the edge of town, and so I'd just walk up. There was</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> a little landing. I'd walk up, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and I'd b</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e right in the center of town. The c</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">enter of town-- we'</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">re not talking a big town here. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">But there were stores there, and I was just-- I'd go in and look around. And maybe sometimes I'd have a ni</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ckel or </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">something like that, and I c</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ould buy something, generally sweet. And that would be </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a big, big deal. I picked a lot </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">of potato bugs for a nickel.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you remember the names of any of the stores?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No, n</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o. I remember a hardware store, though, that, in particular,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was just awesome,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> because it had things all over </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the walls, and it</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> always sort of</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> looked like a toy store as far as I was concerned. But it was clearly a hardware store.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">You mentioned earlier that at your grandparents' ranch, they often had sort of social event</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s there. Do you </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">remember any</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> community or social events in White Bluffs,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> the town itself</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> for</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> like 4th of July or anything?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. No, I don't. I don't remember anything like that. I do remember that m</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">y grandparents themselves had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">couple of 4th of July</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-p</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">icnics or summer picnics. I don't know whether they were spe</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">cifically 4th of July</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> when they </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would have friends an</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">d relatives in to share a lunch. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd I can remember picnic </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">tables being set out underneath </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the trees, and a lot of people being there. Everybody having a good time, and I r</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">emember that a couple of times. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">They were very sociable people. And of course, that was one way that peopl</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e could get together with their </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">neighbors and discuss the issues of the day, which were generally how to get</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> better, get</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> more income. And all t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he people in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">that area were really pioneers.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Sure. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Before we started talking, you showed me a photo of your grandfather in a baseball uniform.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">A White Bluffs baseball team.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I don’t know, did your grandfather talk about that often?</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you remember your grandfather talking about that? </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I have no memories personally of it, except that my father talked about the Whi</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">te Bluffs baseball team and was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">very proud of this picture of his father in uniform of the White Bluffs baseball team</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">. Which was probably circa 1900 </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at that point. So clearly that baseball was very much a part of civilized life in</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Hanford, Richland White Bluffs area.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Did you have any interactions with Native Americans in the area at all yourself?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I would see them. I myself had no interactions at that time. Later, I got to go onto the Priest Rapids reservation</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and was invited to one of the last-- oh, they have a name for it-- kind of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a big celebration pot</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">luck that </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">they had </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">before they built the dam. But no, I didn't. I would see them, but I never had any </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">contact. And the other thing, I </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">wasn't afraid of them or anything like that. It was just that they weren't on my agenda for the day.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">How about neighbors?</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Were there-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">There were virtually no neighbors. The ranch was it. My grandparents knew where</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> their neighbors were, but they </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">had to be a long way aw</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ay. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ut they could ride and did ride over to wherever they</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> were. I never saw a neighbor's </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ranch on our side of the river. So it must've been quite a distance.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Right, right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And you mentioned you spent a lot of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">time playing with your aunt. Were there</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> other children?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. No, there were no neighbors.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So you spent summers there up until 1943. So you and your family were livin</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">g in Yakima when the government </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">decided to build the</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Hanford site.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Short notice.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Short notice, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Very short notice.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you have any memories of that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> or stories that your parents have told you?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> I have a memory, because I wasn't going there that summer.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And it was crisis </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">time, because I'm guessing to a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">certain extent, but I won't be far off, that they were notified by telephone first and with a letter follow</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ing. And they </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">had</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> something like 15 to 30 days--very short--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">in which that they had to get out. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And this was the late winter of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">1942 or the early part of 1943. Getting out is one thing,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> but where are you going to go? </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And so all heck broke loose. I mean, we've got to get out. Where are we goi</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ng to go? And so the search was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">undertaken of where, because Grandpa was a rancher. He had all these cattle,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> horses. And so they eventually </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">found a place near Selah, a ranch near Selah, which they bought. And they moved</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> some of the livestock, which </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">they did take with them. And he started anew in Selah and ran a dairy for prob</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ably about seven or eight years until after the war. W</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hen at th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at point, they had to move out. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">But they didn't have to accept the amount of money that the government gave </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">them, and this was an important </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">point. Some did, but those th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at didn't still had to move out. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ut after the war, th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ey could take the government to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">court and prove that they did not get fair value for their land. And my grandparents d</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">id that. Of course, they had </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">their own house attorney, my father. And they got probably in 1946 or 1947 fair</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> value for the acreage that the government had taken. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd with that, they then sold the ranch in Selah and bou</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ght a huge ranch up by Cle </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Elum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Teanaway</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: And moved there. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Moved there, and lived-- Grandpa lived a short but happy life in that area.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Do you have any idea what the fair value was?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. But it was substantially more than the government gave. The government wasn't interested in carving up</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nickels and dimes and half dollars. They wanted the land quickly. They got that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, and then they would settle up </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">accounts later. And it was a painful process if you were one of the people that got k</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">icked off your land, but that's </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the way it worked.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah. I was wondering, do you remember or heard any stories or heard your </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">grandpa or parents ever talking </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">about their feelings about that, having had started this homestead and having been there for--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I think they looked at it-- yes, I remember. And in particular, my uncle Elroy, wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o was pictured in some of those </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">pictures that we were reviewing. He graduated from the University of Washingto</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">n in 1941. And at that time, he </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was an ROTC cadet at the Reserve Officers Training program. He had been in that, and so he was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">going in to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Army in that summer. Well, that's perfect timing</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> for seeing a lot of action during </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the Second World War. And so he </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was an officer throughout the war, and, of cour</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">se, was nowhere around in 1943. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">He was training for the invasion of Europe at that point in Fort Benning, Georgia, if I</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> recall. And he never saw his--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he left as a soldier, and at the end of the war, he couldn't go home.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> I mean, his lif</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e had been uprooted. And that's </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">just his personal case. And he was very matter of fact about it, bu</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t talked about it. It hurt him. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">But so what</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, really</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">? I mean, we had to win the war. And I think that was the way my grand</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">parents-- I never-- they wanted </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a fair price, because the government could do that, but they never argued or never felt badly about contributi</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ng to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the quicker end of the war by the building of the atomic bomb. They felt pretty good a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">bout it, I think, that they had </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">made a contribution. But then that doesn't entitle the government to steal it either.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Sure, right. Let's talk a little bit more then about some of your family members. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o you said your uncle Elroy was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at University of Washington. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Mm-hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Your father had already gone there.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yes. He was a prosecuting attorney in Yakima at that time.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And so you and your family were living there. And then your other uncle, Wright?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah, he was the number one son, so he stayed with the ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And so when t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hey were kicked out of there in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">1943, Wright went right along with my grandfather, went to Sela</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, and they bought </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">a house for him right next door </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">to or across the lane from where my grandparents were. And then when they</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> went up to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Teanaway</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> to Cle </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span class="SpellingError SCX201929330">Elum</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, he went right along with them, and he was the foreman of everything.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And then your aunt, obviously, would have been still young, so she--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah, she graduated in late</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> 1950 or something like that from high school and married a man from Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Are there any memories that stand out to you in terms of your times, you</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">r summers there that either are </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">something humorous or just somet</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hing that stands out particularly that we haven’t talked </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">about yet?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, I had a-- well, I've told you that they had chickens. And so we ate a lot of chi</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">cken, and we had a lot of eggs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And my grandmother was very careful in selecting-- we weren't going to eat a go</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">od layer. And so if the chicken </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">was really performing out there with the eggs, then that chicken was safe for a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s long as that happened. [LAUGHTER] And of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">course, the chickens had to be killed. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, a lot of times, there was a chopping block out behind the house, and m</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ost of the time, my grandmother </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would go out ther</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e and chop the head off. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nd that was an awesome sight for a lit</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">tle kid, because she would chop </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the chicken's head off and plop the chicken down. The chicken would run around for a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> minute or so, until it finally </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">flopped over, and then we had to pull the feathers and get the chic</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ken ready to be put into a pot. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, handy as my grandfather was, at one point, he we</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">nt out there to do this trick--chopping the head off—and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he took his thumb along with the chicken head. And so he picked his thumb up, and he wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s way ahead of his time </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">on that, and cauterized the wound, and then drove all the way to Yakima, which</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> was the closest major hospital </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">where he could get aid. And that was a long drive in an old pickup, or new at that time. It was an awesome feat. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And he got there, and they said, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">no, we can't reattach the thumb. W</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hic</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">h today they probably could do. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Later that year, I had a friend in Yakima, and Grandpa would com</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e up and visit us every once in a while. I had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">friend, basically the same age, say, probably seven or eight, who sucked his thumb</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> constantly. Little Ronnie, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he was always sucking his thumb. And Grandfather came out one day. We wer</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e playing out near the driveway where the car was. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And Ronnie was sucking his thumb, and Grandpa says, you got to be careful about th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">at, kid. You got to be careful. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">You shouldn't do that. And he says, I did, and look what happened, and he pu</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">t up his hand, and there was no </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">thumb, just a-- Ronnie took his thumb out of his mouth, and I don't think he ever popped it back in again. That was</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> it.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: That </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">solved the problem.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> So that was a-- I was startled myself.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And that's </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">one of the things that happened </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there that was kind of funny.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">How would you, from your memories, describe your grandparents?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Very loyal, to start with, and very much involved in one another's lives, because they</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> were in this together. A great </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">feeling being around them. A great feeling. They were involved in everything </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">together, and Grandmother was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Grandpa was smart. Grandmother was just as smart, and the two of them had ph</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ysical constitutions. We had to </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">be made of steel to live in there, and they were, emotionally and physically. That's a rare thing.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah. Like to do what th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ey did at the time they did is, owning that </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ranch and so for</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">th, yeah. Did you see any other </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">extended family much at all, either on your grandmother's side or your grandfather's die?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Oh, the extended-- Wright was there, the oldest brother, because he was </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the chief hand. And he would be involved every</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">day on what needed to be done on the ranch. And one of the rea</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">sons my grandpa could slip away </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and run the ferry, because Wright was tending the ranch. He had a wife that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> lived there on the premises in another house. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o that adds to the houses, which I forgot about.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> But they were always close at hand. And then he</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">had a daughter. Wright had a daughter. He had a wife and a daughter, and the daughter then married, and her</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">husband came on as a hand</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> too. So they had four or five other people that we</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">re in the mix all the time, all </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">relatives.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">What was their last name, W</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">right's daughters and husbands? </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Bobbi was her name, and I can't remember. Gaige. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Gaige, okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I'm going to then go back and talk about your grandfather a little bit more. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">When we were talking earlier, I </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">mentioned looking at census records. In 1940, he was the numerator of the censu</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s. I know he was very active in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the community in addition to</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> just</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> being very busy with the ranch. Were there other posi</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">tions, community positions that </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he held?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, he was the deputy sheriff in both counties, and that was important that it b</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e in both counties, because you </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">never knew which way the crooks were going to come</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">, you see</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And he had a jail on either </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">side of the river. And he had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">photographic memory, which was the reason that he kept active those two jails, because they were all th</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e wanted posters would come to him. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">They would go up on a bulletin board in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ferry boat or on the ferry boat. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">o i</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">f people were on the ferry, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">there was nowhere to go. I mean, once you were on the ferry, you were stuck. You were like in a jail right </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">then </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">and there. If you were so unlucky as to be identified on the ferry, you would be esc</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">orted off at the other end to a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">local jail. And Grandpa picked up a lot of-- I don't know a lot, but enough to talk a</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">bout-- of people going back and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">forth over the river there. So he was very much involved in that process.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Were there ever any stories? Did he tell you any stories about any particular</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> I remember,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> this had nothing to do with the wanted posters, but it had to do with the jails. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ince he was a deputy sheriff in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">both counties, occasionally, there might be a law enforcement issue. And genera</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">lly, that involved people going </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">across to White Bluffs, cowboys after a roundu</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">p, and having too much alcohol. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Then the alcohol would take control of the situation. They'd get noisy, boistero</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">us, maybe unruly, and when they </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">got past the noisy area and into the unruly, then they would call for Grandpa</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">. And that happened a couple of </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">times, and one time, specifically, he went down there, and he would deputize people right on the spot.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And they </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">would take the drunken cowboy</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">s and throw them into the jail. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, the one time they did that, two or three of them were thrown into jail, locked </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">up, and Grandpa basically said, </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">well, we'll see you in the morning and let you out then. Well, when he got there in </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">the morning, the jail was gone. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Somebody-- his friends, these cowboy friends-- the jail wasn't very big-- they had lass</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">oed the jail, pulled it off its </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">little foundation</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> it was on, taken it 100 yards down the river and broken them out.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> And h</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e said, much to their </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">credit, they came back sheepishly a few days later, helped move the jail back to w</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">here it was supposed to be, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">repaired it so it was as good as new.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So the story had a happy ending, but I mean, that was kind of the justice of the old West, I guess.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">So was this jail in the town of White Bluffs itself?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Just on the edge. Closer to the river. He had it on both sides of the river.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And then on the Franklin County side, was it right on the river too? Close to it?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Both sides were very-- mor</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e like a little outhouse.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: W</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hich was susceptible to lassoing and moving, apparently.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Yeah, right. It's that small. I think I know you were just there in the summers, so yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">u didn't attend school-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: No.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-in White </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Bluffs. Churches-- do you remember churches?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No. </span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did your grandparents go to church over there?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> no,</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> there probably was one. I'm sur</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e there was one in White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: But you don’t have any memories-</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">-</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: B</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ut I hav</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e no memory of going there, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I doubt if my grandparents did. They were probably still involved in the workday affairs of the ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Sure. </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">And then I guess, any other memories that you hav</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">e-- you told</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> some great stories.</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Is there anything else that you </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">remember from your summers there?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">No, not specifically.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And I guess the other </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">question would be, obviously, the town of White</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> Bluffs then in 1943 essentially </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ceased to exist</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: Yeah, it did.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: That</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> community. Why do you think it's important for us to remember t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">he town, for future </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">generations</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">maybe to know about White Bluffs and the things that people like your grandparents did there?</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Well, right now, it's forgotten. And that doesn't seem to be fair. A town should, on</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ce started, should live out its </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">natural life. And this did not happen with White Bluffs. Its natural life was tru</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ncated suddenly by Presidential </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">decree. And I think that an effort should be made to still let White Bluffs live out its natural life, an</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">d making a </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">history of it may help. It may also help bring closure to a lot of the people that are n</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">ow content that their story has </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">been told. Here, living in Yakima, we tell our own story. We're there to tell our</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"> own story. But the people here </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">didn't have that opportunity. So I think it's important.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: All right, well, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">hank you very much. I really appreciate you coming here and doing the interview--</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">My pleasure.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">--and telling the stories. They were terrific. Thank you.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Wiehl</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">Get myself unhooked there.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX201929330"><span class="TextRun SCX201929330"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX201929330">I'll help you out.</span><span class="EOP SCX201929330"> </span></p>
</div>
Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Duration
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00:45:50
Bit Rate/Frequency
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235 kbps
Names Mentioned
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Wright, Hattie
Dublin Core
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Title
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Interview with Dick Wiehl
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Dick Wiehl conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
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Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Subject
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White Bluffs (Wash.)
Date Modified
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2016-06-29: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Date
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7/16/2013
Rights
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Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
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video/mp4
Provenance
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The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Horseback riding
swimming
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2046a01b468d5806f2eeb9ac74c631f3.jpg
570a52b3830287cda5b3b79dc4b071fd
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F6044cabd932f17cf7e979c559097da63.mp4
707021a797b556cd2c395a8fc8f9fd0b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Post-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
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Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Arata, Laura
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Emil, Leitz
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<p><strong>Northwest Public Television | Leitz_Emil</strong></p>
<p>Man one: Whenever you're ready.</p>
<p>Laura Arata: We’re ready to go?</p>
<p>Man one: Yeah, yup.</p>
<p>Arata: Okay. So if we just start off, if I could have you say your name, and then spell your last name for us.</p>
<p>Emil Leitz: Emil E. Leitz, the last name spelled, L-E-I-T-Z.</p>
<p>Arata: Thank you. My name's Laura Arata. And we're conducting this interview on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. The date is November 7th, 2013, already, somehow. So I wonder if we could start just by having you tell us a little bit about how you come to Hanford, when you arrived here, so what your initial experience was like?</p>
<p>Leitz: Okay, I came to Hanford after I served my tour of duty during the Korean War. And I had worked for GE prior to going in the service, and they asked me where I would like to go back to work for them. And so I told them I would like to go the Northwest, and they said, well, Hanford is a place where we have some jobs. We'd be glad to place you there. So I came to Hanford. My wife and I were married at the time. We had one child. Hanford, to me, going first on the job, it was kind of old time I'd say. The ride to the area was by bus, but the buses were not air conditioned. They were, in the winter, very cold because the heaters were not very adequate. The assignment to the C Reactor was my choice after I had been here for a while. There were some other engineers who came in when I did. We each went our own ways. The trip, I mentioned, was by bus, but as also, we had to take our own lunches. We didn't have eating—preparation for food out in the areas. I was in the research and development organization as an engineer trying to, at that time, improve both safety and production. Something that was really, really emphasized, the importance for safety here at Hanford. And at that time, they were also wanting to increase production because we were in the big race with Russia to whoever could make the most bombs supposedly was going to be the winner of this Cold War. Well, after I worked for—well, the first assignment I had really at C Reactor was they were trying out a new fuel element, and that would cool the fuel both internal and external to the fuel. And it took a special spacer on the end to mix them. Now a spacer is something that positions the fuel in the reactor. And it would take a special one of these spacers to mix the fuel between the inner and outer cooling channels on the fuel. And it so happened that at C Reactor, once they got their reactor up and charged it, they couldn't get the reactor to run. We had every process tube, 2,003 of them--were monitored by a flow monitor. And that flow monitor, if the pressure exceeded certain limits, it would automatically shut the reactor down. And it just kept shutting the reactor down. And the plant manager, he wanted to abort the whole program. He says, it's common to all of the tubes, we just can't operate the reactors, so the fuel is a failure. And they asked me my opinion, and I said, it could very well be that we only have a very few tubes mischarged without that mixer spacer. Because I had them run some tests that showed that if that mixer spacer's in there, the pressure would be oscillating between the tube. And we couldn't identify at that time which particular tube was causing the problem. So that's what I told my management, and then two days later, the plant manager came into me, he was just livid. He said, you told the people that I was making a mistake in charging the reactor, that I was not controlling it adequately. And he said, I'm going to get your ass. That's just what he said. And I'm going to check every process tube in that reactor, and prove that you’re wrong. Well, they checked them, and they had seven process tubes mischarged. They corrected the charge, the reactor went up—operated perfectly. Never had another scram, so I didn't hear anything more from that manager. So it was kind of interesting point of view about my first assignment, and I got that kind of pressure from some of the managers.</p>
<p>Arata: How long did that take, to test that many process tubes?</p>
<p>Leitz: Oh, to load the reactor probably took six months or so. Because they would do, as the field became ripe, the old field became ripe--or ready for discharge--they would discharge, it was a couple hundred tubes, and then put new ones in. So that took probably two, three charges ‘til they—when they got--And I don't know when the problem first occurred to having these inadvertent scrams, but when I got there, they were ready to abort the load. And would have really reduced—they had to increase the flow into the reactor, and they could not really get full utilization. Those reactors originally were built for 200 megawatts—I think that's what it was--and they were all operating up around 2,000 then after they got these new fuel elements in and the new flow up. So ten times the power that they originally designed for. So there were really some big improvements. Along with this going on, it was in 1957 in Richland, they were going to sell the homes. They made a big—they were going to get out of the business of having houses, and a lot of the people were pretty leery. Hey, they're going to be shutting this down because most of them knew, oh yeah, we've got plenty of weapons. We really don't need all this plutonium for weapons. And so some people were very hesitant. They offered the homes at 75% of the appraised value of the house if you didn't want the buy-back clause. And if you paid full price, the government would promise to buy it back if something would happen that there was a real economic downturn in Richland. And I found this one guy who says, he was in no way ever going to invest in his buying a house in Richland. And I said, okay. A ranch house is appraised at $10,000, if you buy one, I'll pay you $8,500 for it. So it's appraised at $10,000, and I said, I'd pay you at $8,500. And you buy them in the no buy-back clause, and so that's how I bought my first house. I had been grinning. I couldn't get into one of the government houses, and they were about half the rent I had to pay in a commercial housing organization, which that time was warehousing. So that's kind of an interesting thing as far as living here in Richland goes. People are always a little bit leery about how long could they really want to continue to run those reactors.</p>
<p>Arata: All right.</p>
<p>Leitz: So the success there at C Reactor--and I was then reassigned to process standards and other jobs. And one night I wanted to start up when they had the approval to build the N Reactor, it was about 1962. I had been here, oh, seven years. They selected me to be what they called the startup engineer for the N Reactor. They had three tests. They had the N1s, which was for physics testing. You had the N2 and N3. The N2 just brought the reactor up in enough power that it could supply its own power for its turbines, and they could back off the boiler. They have a big boiler plant that would generate the steam that normally could drive the turbines. And then they would bootstrap it up. You'd get enough steam, and you'd start these big turbines up, and then you go on up in power. N Reactor was designed for 4,000 megawatts, so I had the job of designing—Now it was unique to any other reactor in the world, and a lot of people say, that reactor just isn't going to run. It's too complicated. It had only 1,000 process tubes, but it also was on recirculation, and no contamination left that plant. It was all--the water just recirculated, and then we didn't release the coolant to the river like all the other reactors that the water would go through the reactor and into the river and still have some radioactivity still left in it, so the N Reactor was a solution for that particular problem. So as they're prior getting ready for writing all those tests and starting of the reactor as assigned training mission aboard the Nuclear Ship Savannah. The Nuclear Ship Savannah was built as part of the Atoms for Peace under Eisenhower. And then that was kind of jointly N Reactor was kind of the same sort of thing, where we would have an Atoms for Peace. We had, instead of just producing plutonium, we also could eventually, if it was approved, add the power generation station. So the original testing of N Reactor went very well, on schedule, and they gave me this little award here, which is the general manager’s award. They didn't give many of these out. And actually, along with that I got a check that was about the size of another month’s pay, so when I was young and needed the money, that was very welcome.</p>
<p>Arata: We'll get a picture of that at the end for sure.</p>
<p>Leitz: So with that success then, we went ahead and I, during the lifetime of the N Reactor, I worked there a long time. The dual purpose construction was approved in May of 1965, and as a part of that dedication, President Kennedy came out and made a big dedication. And let me see, I think—yeah, 37,000 people came to hear the President speak here the first time Hanford was open up to the public. They had parked thousands of cars out there out in the middle of the desert. Kennedy came in a helicopter. Even though we had watered the ground down, it was just a cloud of dust because it was a construction site, and man, boy, you couldn't even see the helicopter when it was landing. And I had the big job of helping park cars and stuff like that at that time. That’s what it took an engineer to do. [LAUGHTER] It was kind of a fun day for everybody, I think.</p>
<p>Arata: Did you get to actually see President Kennedy going over his speech then?</p>
<p>Leitz: Yeah, oh, yeah. We got to really see him. Nobody got to shake hands with him, except a very few. I mean, they still have the podium somewhere that he talked from. That's still on display in the museum somewhere. So the first real problem that occurred at N Reactor that they couldn't solve. For some reason, we were having a lot of fuel failures. And some of it was due to equipment problems. Some of it was due to the way they were loading the tubes and that sort of thing. And they appointed me to hit up a task force to try and reduce the fuel failure rate. The fuel failure rate was something like one a month! And when the task force got done and made all these recommendations and they implemented them, we got it down to something like one a month. Now in doing that job, I decided I'm going to do it as a thesis for my master's degree in business. And so it was an operational analysis sort of thing. It was very successful, and I got my thesis paper written and that sort of thing, and that's in the libraries here somewhere. So that was very successful at Battelle. Then I got to be manager of the N Reactor Operations, and I always had to test everybody before they--I was part of a team that tested everybody before they would be certified. N Reactor was the first reactor at Hanford, at least, that certified ladies to be reactor operators. We had two or three ladies while I was manager of operations at the plant that became certified, which I was pretty proud that we didn't have this bias, women against men and that sort of thing. But after I got done, when I was manager I followed every startup personally to make sure they didn't mess up, that they were doing it right. And then I went into managing the safety for all the reactors that were left and fuels and so on and so forth. And the people in the plant operations were always trying to get me to do faster reactor startups. Because if you get the plant started up faster, you get to generate your electricity faster, and they say you could gain as much as a third of a day production by starting up the reactor fast. Well, when they asked me go back in and again--well the fuel failure rate went way up. Going up to better than one a month. And asked me to go again and examine what's going wrong with--how come the fuels are failing? And I said, because you're not really sticking with the original recommendation of controlling slowly and raising reactor power level. And no, no, no, we don't believe that. And so I said, okay, let's arbitrate it with Battelle. Battelle will analyze it. So they came in with their people who really understand stress and strains and all that kind of stuff. And they analyzed it and said that they were reactor startup rates that they were going at put ten times the stress on as a reaction scram would. So once they've, again, got control of their power rates going up again, the fuel failures went way back down again. So that was another one of the ways that I put a success on my career. In fact, we were there for a while. We were so erratic in the way the reactor would shut down and start up--is that the dams—if we would trip off, they would have to pick up the electrical load. And that one of the dams when I went to visit with the Corps of Engineers, back when I was taking some of my reserve training through the Corps of Engineers, I saw a sign, Old Faithful where the N Reactor power was showing. It was kind of interesting. It's interesting that when the first electrical energy was produced, three of the reactors had already been shut down. Now we always felt that N Reactor that N Reactor could just about replace the production of those three reactors. And so we weren't too worried about us getting shut down. But as we operated on through the years, we had all the reactors shut down by 1969, actually--yeah, by 1971, all reactors, including N Reactor, was shut down. And we started the big campaign to get to the Washington Public Power Supply system and/or now the Northwest Electrical Energy to give us better payment for our steams, and with the better rate on steam, we got people to then restart N Reactor under a better contract. So in 1971, after being shut down as a part of all the reactors, we were restarted and allowed to operate. We operated through—okay, and in 1971, when all the plants were down, we had another president visit. The only second president that I know that came to Richland, and that Nixon that came. And he'd give us the old pep talk about how he wasn't going to leave us all in the lurch here in Hanford. That we're going to have people like Pacific Northwest labs and so on and bringing the business, and there'd be plenty for us to do. Well, we did get N Reactor restarted and we operated then through—well, Mt. St. Helens erupted in '80 and in 1980, we had to do some upgrades to make sure that that sort of thing would not interfere with our operation. We got up to where we generated 65 billion kilowatt hours of electrical power, and then in 1987, after that achievement, we were shut down to make some safety improvements to improve our operation, make it more safe. And we never did restart from that. We were kept out. So at that time I was reassigned to the decommissioning work, cleaning up Hanford and being mainly involved in safety with the reactors. I became more involved then with making sure that the effort to decontaminate everything, and it was done within environmental requirements and within safety requirements. You had these big tanks of waste, and there's a potential that just by sticking a probe into a tank of waste, you can moderate the waste such that it could possibly even go critical like a reactor. So we had to examine everything they wanted to do--if they wanted to put a new pump in a tank or if they wanted to move the liquid around, if they wanted to stir the liquid, or if they wanted to use certain chemicals. And what would be your environmental impact? Where do you look for waste from the tanks? A lot of waste is just buried out there. Just if you wanted to get rid of radioactive waste, you go out and dig a hole and you put some waste--and you put it in there. And so recovering all of that and recovering that safely for personnel and for the environment is the job that I ended up doing for the rest of my career. So basically I had what I considered a pretty good career at Hanford. I really thought there were some good challenges, and I thought I made some pretty good contributions to operations at Hanford Project.</p>
<p>Arata: Is it okay if I ask a few more follow up questions?</p>
<p>Leitz: Pardon?</p>
<p>Arata: Can I ask you a few more follow up questions?</p>
<p>Leitz: Oh, you bet ya.</p>
<p>Arata: That was some good coverage of your time—</p>
<p>Woman one: There’s also some water there if you need it.</p>
<p>Leitz: No, I don’t need it. [LAUGHTER]</p>
<p>Arata: --And your working period. I wonder if you could talk to us a little bit more about on board the Savannah, and how that experience came about? I mean, what your experience on the ship was like and what its mission was?</p>
<p>Leitz: Okay. I could talk all day on that, really. But the first thing, we got on in Portland, Oregon. And we went out to the—the first thing I knew it is there a man came aboard the ship, the side, and he took over the control of the ship. He was a harbor pilot. And I didn't realize that. Why is that? And he said, well, because that particular bay going out into the ocean is noted as the graveyard for many ships because that's one of the worst entries into the ocean there as far as being rough and tricky, and it moved around. So you have to have a particular man who knows what's going on in that bay to help to get the ship out. So that was kind of interesting to find out that there are those kind of risks with running a ship.</p>
<p>Arata: And how would this come about? How had you gotten the invitation to be on the Savannah?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, based on my experience. They stuck me to be a startup engineer, and they thought and felt I needed special training in high pressure, high temperature reactors. And there was an opportunity to get it, on a ship that used the same kind of a reactor that we had on the N Reactor except it was much, much smaller. It was toy one compared with the N Reactor. Let's see, is there really anything more about that? Oh, what they did is they selected the people on the basis of having one with the reactor at all times during the startup testing. So the four shift managers were selected. My boss's bosses were selected, and I was selected to get that particular training because they felt I would be writing the tests. I need to know about all of it. And they needed to have that experience on every shift. The top man in every shift was also on that ship. So it was kind of interesting, just as a sideline, five of them are Navy men, and I was an Army man, and I was kind of the butt of their jokes. You're going to get seasick, and we're going to all laugh at you. And we get into--after we went through the Panama Canal--and we all took some time off in the Panama Canal in terms of working extra before and after—but after we got to the Panama, we went into the Caribbean, and we did get into quite a storm. That ship was actually taking water over the bow. It would go down and go up and go down and go up. And I was out there watching that bow and then I went in to go and eat that night. And I couldn't find any of those other guys. Couldn't find a one of them anywhere. That was kind of a funny part of it is I was probably the only one, I don't think, that didn't get seasick. But it was a fun trip, and we flew back home from Galveston, then.</p>
<p>Arata: What route did the ship take while you were on it?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, it went down the coast of South America in through the Panama Canal into the Caribbean and into Galveston, Texas, yeah.</p>
<p>Arata: How long were you aboard?</p>
<p>Leitz: 30 days. It was a nice cruise. Really it's one of the best vacations I ever had. [LAUGHTER] Except they had us do a study, but I didn't mind the study at all.</p>
<p>Arata: I wonder if I could have you talk just a little bit--you did a lot of work on safety and security. Could you talk a little bit about if you had to where any special protective clothing in what you did or maybe what sorts of standards you set for other people to follow?</p>
<p>Leitz: At one time I was a manager, in fact, of first-hand safety, but only safety in the context of security and that sort of thing. At one time, they had a big upgrade at Hanford for security, and I was in charge the upgrading. But as far as personally, I went into the reactor sites many times and had do the special clothing. If there's any chance of air contamination, you had to have respirators on. And to get out of a radiation area, you have to go to two step-off pads. The first one you just get your clothes off on it. And the second one then, they check you in, and you can come on out. But you had radiation monitors check you any time you come out of a radiation suit and instruments, you put your hands and feet on them and a special clothing.</p>
<p>Arata: Were there ever any incidents that you recall? Anything either humorous or a little bit scary or anything like that?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, some that aren't too finicky. One of the K Reactors, when they started it, they had a new physicist, and he held a high period. I don't know if you realize, a 30-second period when you're at watts, you aren't really increasing power real fast, but if you keep that 30-second period when you’re up in megawatts, then it's very, very rapid, increasing power. And then it was the startup of one of the Ks, this new physicist had him hold that 30-second period until the reactors scrammed out from these [INAUDIBLE] trips. Now one thing I could mention is that the change in technology has really changed. Back at C Reactor, we didn't know which tube was causing the scram. With the N Reactor, we knew everything going on, every tube. And we used to have to take our data downtown, in an automobile, we'd punch it out on key cards, and we'd take it down and punch those into a computer. And we'd get the limits back, we'd go back to the reactor and say, okay, you can raise power. And then we would go in and get some more limits and back and forth between town and back. And that took a long time ready to start up because that N Reactor, you had instantaneous information. You knew right along just exactly how every tube related to its limit, pressure and temperature. So we went from analog kinds of systems to digital kinds of systems, just the same thing you see in your TVs or your telephones, the same kind of thing happened at the reactors as far as computerization and technology. So that was really an enhancement.</p>
<p>Arata: Were there any aspects of your work that you found sort of the most challenging or the most rewarding? You had several different jobs.</p>
<p>Leitz: [LAUGHTER] Well, I think the most rewarding was where I faced up a couple managers [LAUGHTER] and won the battle.</p>
<p>Arata: During C Reactor?</p>
<p>Leitz: But there's some worry to our time in that too, you know, what if I'm wrong? But it turned out all right. And I think that's part of the reason that I was really considered the one man who knew the most about the reactor. I didn't know everything, but I probably knew more than most people about there. Because I started it up, I lived with it to its life, and I got the picture kind of as a reward for when I retired.</p>
<p>Arata: Is anything that was the most challenging, maybe to work through in your time at Hanford?</p>
<p>Leitz: I think when I think of the operation N Reactor, I think it was the most challenging job I had. Because that one required, like I said, I went with all the startups. And that's when I was a process engineer with the reactor. When they had problems, they'd call us at night and that sort of thing. But with N Reactor, it was kind of more volunteer, but to know—and some of the shift managers were pretty hesitant on their own to make decisions. And I think that was probably the most challenging job was the operation of one of those big reactors—or that single big reactor and knowing when or when not to say, hey, you've got to shut down, or you don't have to shut down. And the controls even at N Reactor on the environmental controls, you can let down water into a crib—into a spill cooler if you wanted to, and even that was very, very--it had to be done without radiation released into the environment. And there's a real, real difference in attitudes over the years of environmental control and making sure you did not release isotopes into the environment. Really had differences in attitudes.</p>
<p>Arata: Yeah, I understand that the Chernobyl incident had a big impact on the decision to finally close N Reactor, to not restart N Reactor. Do you have any thoughts?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, N Reactor is a graphite moderator reactor. And Chernobyl when they raised power level fast, their graphite coefficient was different than N Reactor. N Reactor, if you raised the power fast, it would shut it down, it would tend to shut it down. So as you were starting up fast, in R Reactor, you had to pull the rods faster and faster if you heat it up faster in order to keep the activity going up. In Chernobyl, the same thing happened, but their rods weren't strong enough to stop it. And so it kept going up in power until it melted the core. Now at N Reactor, we ran a lot of experiments to try and prove that even if that did happen, we don't think our graphite would have burnt. But to tell somebody you've got a graphite stack over here that burnt, and then we've got a graphite stack over here that's a little different composition and made up a little different way, it won't burn—just one cell. We still believe that we never could've burnt the N Reactor stack, but basically, that's what kept it down. It's shut it down for keeps—it’s the fact that why won't our stack burn? We just couldn't prove our stack wouldn't burn. We put torches on it, heat it up to a tremendous temperature, it wouldn't burn, but is that enough proof that it won't burn? You know, just wouldn't quite buy. So you know about a little bit about Chernobyl, huh? [LAUGHTER]</p>
<p>Arata: A tiny bit. What was Hanford like overall as a place to work?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, the real inconvenience is location. Riding the bus back and forth initially, and later, we drove our own car. I actually wore out a little Metropolitan driving back and forth. I kind of enjoyed that little car, but we got to use our own cars. We carpooled and these sorts of things. One thing you'd see in the desert, and I don't know if many, many people are aware of it, but sometimes you see a lot of rabbits killed on the highway. And pretty soon you'd see no more rabbits on the highway, but you start seeing wolves and coyotes killed on the highway. And that's the cycle of what would happen is when there are lots of rabbits, there's a lot for the coyote to eat. And you could just see that cycle at Hanford, over a number of years, the population of each of those would vary. And if the rabbit population goes out, then the other population goes out. When it goes down, it goes down. So it was kind of interesting to see that.</p>
<p>Arata: Yeah. I wonder if we could back up just briefly to when you first arrived, if you had any impressions of what Richland was like as a community when you first arrived here?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, the main reaction we had was, man, it’s costing us a lot more to live than those people that have been here for a while because they had a lot of stuff provided to them, coal or whatever. But you know, the rents were half what we had to pay and that sort of thing, but that didn't last forever. And buying the houses was it really turned out to be a very promising thing. We had weather storms, pretty bad. We had termination winds. We had a pastor, one of our pastors at church--the wife was just by herself when the storm had come in the sand would come through her doors. She wanted her husband to stop that from happening. [LAUGHTER] We had a lot of activities for couples and younger people and so on that we don't have now. Sororities, the Army Reserve meetings, and all these sort of things, you know. Nowadays, people don't want the same kind of entertainment as they had back in those days with Richland. So it’s a different style, more thrifty, maybe that's the whole United States.</p>
<p>Arata: Did you have sorts of dances or community events, things like that?</p>
<p>Leitz: Yeah, had quite a few community events and dances and things like that.</p>
<p>Arata: I know at one point you mentioned White Bluffs. Did you go out to the town site at any point during your first few years here?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, we had to drive past it almost every day. [LAUGHTER]</p>
<p>Arata: Were there still buildings standing by that point? Or--</p>
<p>Leitz: The foundations in some of the walls and stuff were there, but none of the buildings were really intact. One of the old gas stations--but some of the people, and I didn't get it going, but some of the people did some exploration, which was not allowed. But they did on the old sites.</p>
<p>Arata: I just have a couple other things that I wanted to ask you about from reading through your notes. A lot of what I've read about N Reactor talks about zirconium, and I understand this is sort of an innovation at the time. Could you talk a little bit about what it was, and why it was so new?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, zirconium, they needed a process tube. In the old reactors, there was just aluminum, because there was only cold water going through. They’d maybe get, oh, maybe it would get almost to boiling on the outside of some of the aluminum tubes. In the N Reactor you need a process tube that withstood the high temperature, high pressure. And so they developed this new metal, zirconium, that would withstand the temperatures and pressure and so on involved within the reactor, and the fuel was also clad in that. So if we ran on aluminum tube or aluminum fuel outline at the temperature we had to run at, it would have, what do you call it? A fuel failure. And fuel failures, well, I didn't talk too much about them, but there you're opening up the cladding to the uranium and then the uranium fission product took it in. And you’re likely for that to stay in the primary loop and cause high radiation to our workers. In the other old reactors, it would just go on through the reactor. And hopefully most of it would get picked up and they'd have a cooling pond for the water goes too and then the water goes the river. But small amounts of that could get to the river, and I think that's some of things they found with the aluminum tubes. But our zirconium tubes, they were much more resistant to temperature and pressure and so on.</p>
<p>Arata: Is there anything that you'd sort of like to pass on, wisdom to future generations? Of course, most of my students didn't live through the Cold War. They were born afterwards and don't really have an understanding of that time. Is there anything that you'd like future generations to know about what that experience was like of living through and working through the Cold War?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, there's a lot of fear of radiation that's not merited, and it's something you have to learn to live with. Just like in our agricultural world, there are a lot of chemicals and stuff that we're using now we didn't use to use. But we have to learn to use them safely. I think radiation, contamination with radiation, there's a big difference between contamination and irradiation. If you go in for an X-ray, you get irradiated, but you don't get contaminated. If you get contaminated, you've actually got the radioactive material on you, and then you, yourself, become a carrier of that. Contamination is a thing that is more to be feared than just the radiation itself, but you have to control the radiation. Just understanding how to best preserve it. Now we haven't learned all our lessons yet on how to control all the fuel and the reactors, for instance. We haven't got a disposal method that--we're still arguing about how we're going to take care of those spent fuel elements and that sort of thing in our commercial reactors. And we have to learn to do that, but I think now—I just read an article the other day in the paper about the dangers we have from just fossil fuels or even the wind machines and so forth. They are not free of environmental problems. And so you've got to learn to live with radiation and, hopefully, that can be reactors, new generation reactors can be a source of power that will eliminate all these problems. Even the possibility of burning the fuel up to where it’s used up rather than create contamination. There are some real lessons to be learned yet.</p>
<p>Arata: Is there anything I haven't asked you about yet that you'd like to tell me about?</p>
<p>Leitz: Well, I told you about Nixon and the time when all the reactors were shut down. 65 billion kilowatt hours were generated by N Reactor before it was finally shut down. That's a lot of electrical power. At one time we were really the leading reactor insofar as the power generated, but that didn't last long as the new, larger reactors came online. But for a while, we were running the race. We overtook some of the smaller ones.</p>
<p>Arata: I understand you were at the closure last year.</p>
<p>Leitz: Yeah, last year I went out to closure. [LAUGHTER] That's almost funny because I found out they're going to have a shutdown, so I was trying to go. And this lady called to explain to my wife that--I wasn't home--that I wasn't invited. And she says, well, he thinks he's Mr. N Reactor. He thinks you ought to invite him, and after she talked to him, they invited me to go. [LAUGHTER] Yeah, that’s kind of--</p>
<p>Arata: Well, I want to thank you very much for coming in and sharing your stories with us. We really appreciate it. We'll get some images of your award and you picture now.</p>
<p>Leitz: Yeah.</p>
Location
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Washington State University - Tri Cities
Duration
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00:39:47
Bit Rate/Frequency
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197 kbps
Hanford Sites
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C Reactor
N Reactor
Years on Hanford Site
Years on the Hanford Site, if any.
ca.1955-1987
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Kennedy, John F.
Nixon, Richard
Dublin Core
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Title
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Interview with Emil Leitz
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Emil Leitz conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
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Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Subject
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Hanford (Wash.)
Hanford Site (Wash.)
Hanford Nuclear Site (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.)
Nuclear waste disposal
Date
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2013-11-07
Rights
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Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Date Modified
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2016-06-21: Metadata v1 created – [RG]
C Reactor
General Electric
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 1917-1963
N Reactor
Richland (Wash.)
Washington Public Power Supply System
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ffe043af3846776e389ff8a8681a88431.jpg
1d9746b2f7feed8074166fc471965977
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F36e58cb630d8fbdedc6ee21db97c8258.mp4
06e803929dbc9370d6cde92f8b1e162e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
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Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Northwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span class="SpellingError SCX30075691">Kaas_Gordon</span></span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Bauman:</span> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So just for official purposes, my name is Robert Bauman and I'm conducting an oral history interview with Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Gordon Kaas. Is it Kaa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Gordon Kaas:</span> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Ok</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. On June 12, 2013. And the interviews are being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Cities. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I'll be talking with Mr. Kaa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s about his family's history and memories about their experiences in Richland</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">growing up in that community.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> So maybe, Mr. Kaa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s, you can tell me, first of all, a little bit about your family and maybe how your family came to</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the Richland area.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well my father was an immigrant from Denmark and he came here right after the turn of century. Lived in Madras,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oregon for a while and his brothe</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r was up here in Richland. He co</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">me up here and he was a farmer. He bought</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">some ground here in what's North Richland and planted the majority of the acreage to apples.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">His brother took care of the orchard for about the first three years while he lived in Madras, Oregon. That's where</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">he met my mother and they were married. And they moved up here I think it wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s 1915, after the orchard began to bear</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My oldest brother was born in Madras, and then I've got two older brothers, Nelson and George, that were born</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">here, plus my only sister, and then myself and my twin brother. The three older brothers are deceased now but</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">my sister and my twin brother are still living.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And do they live in the area here?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My sister lives in Kennewick. That's Alice Chapman, her husband James, live in Kennewick. And my twin brother</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and I married sisters, but they live in Kenai, Alaska. And he was a plumber.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">When I got out of high school, we had moved to Kennewick in 1943, because the government said to pack your</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">belongings and go, you've got 30 days. However, we lived far enough north that they gave permission for those</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that lived up on from here, there's a little rise in the contour, that area they let farm their crop that year. So instead</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">of moving in February or March, we didn't move until November of 1943. That's where the remaining five of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">six children were born.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So you'd mentioned your father came from Denmark.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I wonder if you could talk a little bit about what you know about why he came to the United States, and maybe the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">same for your mother.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, my </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">mother was an immigrant also, e</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">migrated from Prince Edward Island, Canada. And I had the pleasure</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">of visiting back there this past summer. First time I'd ever been there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My father came over because of the opportunities that were in the US, and there was a lot of people moving to the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> New W</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">orld. His background was farming. I think I mentioned he was the youngest of 12 children, and two brothers</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and a sister had immigrated over here ahead of him. So he had a little forewarning of what was here.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And at that time, this area here in Hanford and White Bluffs was a fairly new irrigation area and was attracting</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">people from around the coun</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">try</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">, and around the world, I guess you could say. Because there was other Danes</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and Norwegians and Swedes here. When I was small, when I grew up, we had an apple orchard. But during the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Depression in the ‘30s</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">, apples was one thing that people didn't have to have and consequently, the market</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">went away. And at that time, peppermint was coming in and he </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">hired a county bulldozer to come in and bulldoze</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the trees out and planted peppermint. And raised peppermint, as long as we was on the farm.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I should clarify that in 1949 I lost my father, and I and my twin brother were between our sophomore and junior</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">year in high school, so we became the farmers. And that was after we had moved from Richland to Kennewick.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We had a 40 acre farm here in Richland and the war took my three oldest brothers. My father had the option of</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">keeping one of them at home to help on the farm, but he wouldn't do that. My sister, and my twin brother and</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">myself</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> became farmers fairly quick. And then we moved to Kennewick in 1943, and in 1948 he had come down</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">with cancer. And in '49, he passed away in the middle of August of '49.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">By that time my twin brother and I was the only ones still in school and we became students and farmers both.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then after we graduated from high school, my mother leased the place out. And I ended up taking a job out in</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Hanford. I worked out there for 21 years, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> never got the thought of the fa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">rm out of my head. In 1972 my wife</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and I and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we had two children at that time, a son and a daughter. And we bought a farm six miles north of Pasco. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that's been our home ever since.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So you returned to your farming roots?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> What about your mother? You said your father passed away, unfortunately, in 1949. How about your</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">mother?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My mother lived for some years later. I think she died in-- I can't remember the da</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">te on it like I can my father—</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">but</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">in the mid '70s. I think it was '78 that she passed away. And at that time the farm was being sold for plots for</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">houses</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> and now it's all houses.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So how many so how many children were there in your family then? How many siblings did you have?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">There were six.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Six, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I had three older brothers. Then my sister come along. And then to finish out the six was my twin brother and I.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">You and your twin brother. And you and your twin brothe</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r were born in hospital</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We were the only ones that were born in the hospital. Because thought there might be some complications. So we</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">were born in the Pasco Lady of Lourdes Hospital. The rest were all at home.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And you talked about how the primary crop was apples for quite a wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ile until at some point in the D</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">epression you</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">shifted to peppermint. Is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And were there other crops that you grew as well?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, we had of course, alfalfa because we had a few livestock. We had asparagus. And that was up early and</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that was the asparagus fields. My three older brothers were in t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">he service. Two of them in the A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">rmy and one in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Navy. We'd get up early and go cut asparagus.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And when we were left on our farm through the summer we'd see everything booming out here, trucks going by.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We lived right on </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">George Washington Way. And we'd be out in the field and watching the trucks headed north</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">where</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> the construction was going on. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And we had strawberries. We had a few potatoes. Then, of course, peppermin</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t. And all that ground was real </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">irrigated.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">How was that irrigated?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Real irrigated where you had corrugates that the water ran down. And so I was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">changing water twice a day. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">my father worked from daybreak to dawn. But as t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ime went on, we were more help. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">After the military took my three brothers my dad bought a tractor. And he didn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> like the tractor. He liked the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">horses. So my twin brother and I, we got a lot of practice on the tractor. He put</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> us out on the field and get us </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">started an</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d he'd go do some other chores. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We, my twin brother and I, we continued to farm the Kennewick farm. Which, was d</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ownsized. It was only 20 acres. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">At that time though, you could mak</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e a living on a farm that size. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But I lost my oldest brother in the war. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the next oldest one was in the A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">my and over in Germany. And the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">third from the top was in th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e Navy and over in the Pacific. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And after the war was over they came home and took jobs out at Hanford, my rem</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">aining two brothers. And when I </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">finished school I got a job out there. And my brother worked out there. My twin brother worked out there on</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> construction. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was a power operator. And in 1972 I'd been wanting to get out on</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> farm and I said</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">, I got to make the move before </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I'm 40 or I'm going to give it up. And we found a place to</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> buy. And it's been good to us. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My main crop, it started off being alfalfa and wheat and sweet corn. But after a </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">couple years I got into raising </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">potatoes. And that ended up being our main crop until I quit farming.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Got it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Let me just go back and ask you another question, too, about your family farm that you grew up on. So were the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">re </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">other buildings besides the houses? The barn? Any other buildings? And you said it was 40 acres. Is that correct?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">40.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And so I wonder how large the house was? Were there any other buildings as well that were part of the farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, back then it didn't take as much a house as it does today. When my f</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">olks moved up here from Madras, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oregon--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and I can't tell y</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ou--I think it was around 19</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">17 or 1918. They </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">had the ground but there was no buildings on it. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But there was a small house. I think it was about a two-room house that my d</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ad's brother and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">him</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> moved from what would be over on--is that--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">what st</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">reet is that? Over to the west? </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Anyway, they moved it from there to onto Georgia Washington Way where we live</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d. And then he added onto that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then just before the government came in, we had enlarged the house and th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e next year was another project </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">to finish it. But it started off being a two bedroom. And small ones at that.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Now, it was originally, was there an outhouse? What did you have?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We didn't have neither electricity or r</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">unning water in the house until--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">it was about 1940.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So not too long before the war.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And that was a big improvement. My mother didn't have to pack water for the washing machine or carry it out. But</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we didn't have any electricity.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So the washing machine had a little gas </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">engine on it. And like most, Monday was wash day. And that'd be all she'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">get done except cooking some meals.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So was there a well?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes, we had a well.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">That was before my time. But I remember that he had a nephew that came </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">over from Denmark plus my uncle </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">lived here and there was a hand-dug well. And that was on the proper</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ty that is the Energy Northwest </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">eadquarters now.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Oh, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. And what about neighbors? Who were your closest neighbors? Were there other famili</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">es that you </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">socialized with?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>: Well, yes. We had one neighbor that lived right across the road. And others close</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. I can say there was one, two, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">three</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">about five that lived in walking distance. You know</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">, a 20-minute walk at the most. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It was interesting. In the early spring of 1943 there was a number of cars that ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d come into town. And they were driving different places. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It was late enough that some farmers were out in the field. The next day they were </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">all in town at the schoolhouse. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And they called to me and said that the whole community, including White Bluffs i</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">n Hanford was being evicted for a government project. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And that's all they would say. Nobody knew what was ready going on out t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">here until after the bombs were </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">dropped. And it was interesting when those people that were here d</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">riving in cars were appraisers. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And they were going around and appraising the farms of how much to give th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e farmers for it. Some got very </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nervous. They thought if you didn't take the first</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> they might just haul you out in handcuffs </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">or whatever. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But they allowed if you didn't accept for the third appraisal. My father a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ccepted the third appraisal. My </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">grandmother, she got nervous. And they got her to sign. I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">it was on the second appraisal. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But my father, if you didn't sign and take the third appraisal, then they would take it</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> to court. But they give you, I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">it was 80% of the offer. And there were a few that took it to cou</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">rt. But my father thought the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But the surprising part about that is the farmers that took the money and couldn'</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t find a farm, the price of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">farmland was going up so fast that what would buy a farm when they got the mo</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ney, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> year later was probably only half enough. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So those people put a hardship on them. But I can't say our situation put a hardship. Becau</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">se we was able to find </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">a farm and it was a good form.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Do you have any idea how much your parents got for the farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">You know, I've been wondering that myself. But what I can tell you is that the 20</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> acre farm we got, it had a big </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">house on it. It had a five-bedroom house plus porch,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> front and back. It was $7,200. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I'm sure it was in that neighborhood, maybe a little more. Because it was 40 a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">cres rather than 20. And it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the only house still standing in North Richland until it too was torn down oh, 15, 20 years ago.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh, it stood for that long?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> because the criteria was that if it had indoor plumbing and electricity they </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">would save it if they could and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">somebody would move into it. And a pa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">trolman that was hired by the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">well, I guess it was GE back then. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Or no, it </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was DuPont.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">DuPont?</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Mm-hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">He want</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ed that house. And he got the okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> on it. But he would come by about e</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">very three or four days and see </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">what the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> progress was of us moving out. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">He was anxious to move in. There was a shortage of homes. And it was used for liv</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ing for a few years and then it </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was right in the middle of that big trailer camp that was out here. And it was turned </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">into the office for the trailer </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">camp.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So he moved in shortly after your grandma left then?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes. When he could see the date that we was going to be out, he had his stuff packed and ready to move.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And so how old are you at this time? About 9 or 10 years old? Somewhere in there?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was 12 years old when we moved.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> So we moved and we were still moving in N</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ovember. Because that's when my </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">birthday</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> is. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I remember the time we took the tractor with a big trailer we had behind it wi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">th some of the last things. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">my dad let me drive it after we got off the highway. I was 12 years old. And our </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">farm, in Kennewick, the address </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was 3904 West Fourth Avenue now.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So what did you think about this at the time as a young boy? You had spent your who</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">le life, at that point, on this </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">farm. And you're suddenly having to move. What did you think? And do you know</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> what your parents thought? Did </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">you talk to them?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, we spent a lot of time driving around to find a farm. We looked up a lot up </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Prosser </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Way. I can remember </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">sitting out in the yard there for a couple of hours, my mother and dad talking. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And there was a nice big house, older house. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It was a little smaller farmer than we had gotten. They finally decided they would </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">take it. And my dad went to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">door and said, we've talked it over and we'd like to buy your farm. And they said, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">well, we're sorry. My husband's </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">down at the court house signing papers on it n</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ow. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So we were back to looking again. But you can imagine a 12-year-old. We thought thi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s was kind of a thrill, driving </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">around looking at farms and discussing it and where we was going to live. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I can remember several farms we </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">looked at that some of them had a nice house. But the property wasn't the best. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">he soil wasn't the best. But we </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was happy when we settled on this one in Kennewick.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So for you, maybe the fact that you ended up with a nice farm in Kennewick--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes, it was a nice farm. Kennewick is a little bit rocky. But it's bearable. The farm </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we had out here in Richland was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">a lot </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">more sandy</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. But heavier soil, you can raise better crops. But sandy soil is easier to farm.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So I want to go back to also talking about your early years here. Where did you g</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">o to school? And what was the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">school like? And how many? How big was the school? That sort of thing?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">The </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">school I went to was built in--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">which was Lewis and Clark school down in</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> south Richland. And the year I </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">started there</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> it was brand new. Because of the D</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">epression there was money f</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">or stuff like that, to generate employment. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And Hanford got a new school. And Richland got a new school. And that's where I s</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">tarted the first grade, my twin </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">brother and I.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My sister was four years ahead of us. So she was in an old school that they immediately tore down after the new</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">school was built. But my dad was a well thought of man here in this area. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> when</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> the irrigation district was in,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">neighbors twisted his arm till </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">he agreed to </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">go on the board for irrigation. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Same for the school district. He was on the board, directors there. In fact, he was</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> the president of the board and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">signed a c</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ouple of my brothers' diplomas. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And after we moved, well, some would know Jay Perry, who was a county co</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">mmissioner in Kennewick. And he </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">came and wanted my dad to run for his pl</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ace. They talked quite a while. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And my dad said, wel</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">l, Jay, that would never work, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ecause you're a Democrat and I'm a R</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">epublican.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> He said, I'd </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">do anything t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">o get you in. Whether you're a Republican or not. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">at's the only way I knew of </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">what his preference of party. But there was, f</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">or farmers back then, there was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">more done for the farmers than a lot of people.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So do you know how big the school was? Do you know how many students there were about?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, it was an eight-room school, first through the eighth grade. And I would</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> say, there was probably on the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">average of at least 20 in each class. Then when things got a little tougher, first,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> well, second grade and half of </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">third was in one room. And the other half of third and the fourth grade was in a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nother room. So they were small </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">enoug</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">h then that they could do that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that school was tore down for the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">replacements that there are now. But it was a nic</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e all-brick school that for old </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">time's sake, I hated to see it go. But both of my children started in that school.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh, did they really?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">For first grade. Because we lived in the south end of Richland at that time. And our</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">what is</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Justice over in </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Pasco, he went to that school. My son went with him. Cameron Mitchell.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh, Cameron Mitchell, sure. So what sorts of things did you do for recreational activities growing up on your farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh, main thing for recreational was work. But we did have time. And when we were l</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ittle my dad didn't require us to--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We never were slave labor by any stretch. But we'd roller skate out on the roa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d. There wasn't very many cars. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And we'd play hide and seek and one thing my dad let us do is a couple horse to a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">n old sled that we had that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">about four by six, to a horse. And take our dog and we'd go out hunting j</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ackrabbits. Didn't have a gun. But that </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">dog could catch the jackrabbits. And we'd probably get five</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> or six every time we went out. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">They'd be just wandering out through the sagebrush. We was out at the edge o</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">f the farming community here in </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Richland. So ther</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e's plenty of sagebrush ground. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And we thought that was great, to go out with the dog. My twin brother and I, an</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d my three cousins from over on </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the coast would come here. I got a picture of it. Looking at it yesterday, that a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ll five of us on that sled, out </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">jackrabbit hunting. But just things like that. What kids </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">do.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Bicycles.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Oh</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> So you were on a farm. Did you go into town much? Into the town of Richland?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, it was a five-mile drive on the school bus. Back then we didn't have t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">hese factory-made school buses. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Generally a farmer would say, I'd like to build a bus and hire it to haul the students.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, there was an aisle down the center that you sat back to back to and then down each side. And it was just</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">made out of an old truck. And we didn't know what heaters were. Wintertime got pretty cold.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">[PHONE RINGS]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">No cellphones then</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> either.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Huh?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">No cellphones then either.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I meant to take it out. But I forgot it.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">That's all right.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I think I was in about the third grade when we got factory manufactured school bu</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ses. And they looked as long as </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">a train. And there was three of them. And that picked up stude</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nts all over the Richland area. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then it wasn't too long after that the government came in and the area just </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">exploded. And it was surprising </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">when you had to, how fast they could put buildings up. They had people in here.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> They added onto the school and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">built more schools. But after '43 I wasn't here much.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Did you start going to school in Kennewick then at that point?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes. I think I was in the fifth grade when we moved to Kennewick.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was wondering about sort of community activities. Do you have any memories of c</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ommunity picnics or 4th of July </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">celebrations? Anything along those lines?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, yes.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> In that time, the boat races--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that would be equivalent t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">o what we have now here in the Tri-C</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ities—was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">up at White Bluffs. And I remember, several times being young, going up there and watch the boat r</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">aces. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">en there was community picnics. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I remember looking at some books at the county fair, before they registered at th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e picnics, they had them. Found </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">a couple where my folks, my dad registered as being at the picnic, 4th of July picnic, I think they</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> were. Then there </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was plenty of family gatherings. Maybe two, three, four families would get together </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and go to the park. But I don't </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">know, it never seemed like we lacked activity.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">What about churches? Were churches close by? Did your family go to church regularly? And where were they?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">What</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> church, you say?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah, churches</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Well, my folks heard the G</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ospel by</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> two homeless ministers in 19</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">21. And the chur</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ch met in a home. And I'm still </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">in that faith today. We don't have church buildings. So there was churches in t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">own. But they accepted that way </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and the family grew up in it.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. So you mentioned earlier, talking about the Depression, and how your fat</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">her then sort of changed crops, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">right? Primary crops. Did you know of any families in the area that maybe lost th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">eir farms? Or did you see any </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">other impact of the Depression for other families or for the town itself?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Well, my uncle</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> lost his--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that lived, oh, half mile or less from us. And I remember my dad saying he wanted him to</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">financially help him. He was a bachelor. He had never married until he was 82, I think. And then he married his</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">sweetheart</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> that he had when he was young.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And neither one of them, they were </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">married. They got back together </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">in old age.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">That's quite a story. Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But anyway, my dad had to decline him because he said, Jim, I've got a family. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> if I did that I would probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">lose my farm too. And you're single. Realized I hate to say no. But I just don't have i</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t where I can feel that I could </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">do it. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">there were others the same way. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But you have to remember that I was-- that was not something I can physically r</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">emember. I was too early in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">'30s. I was born in '32. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> remember him talking about ones</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> that sold out or it didn</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">'t have any equity and couldn't </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">make payments. But my father was very frugal. He didn't buy what he couldn't afford,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> which was very little, that he bought. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But yes, when my father decided to push out the orchard, we had a big enough orcha</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">rd. In fact, it was the largest apple orchard in the Tri-C</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ities. I can't tell you how many acres it was. But it was 15 acres or so.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Do you know what kind of apples?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">At that time, Red Delicious. But he made the decision to take the apples out</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> beca</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">use every year he'd be losing a </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">little more money. And plant peppermint. Well, 100 pounds to the acre of peppermin</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t oil was considered excellent. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I never remember hi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">m getting less than 100 pounds. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I remembered selling for $7 a pound. And today the price of oil isn't that much bett</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">er. It's just that the farmers' </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">farms are a lot bigger.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Mm-hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> I think, from what I've heard, I know some people that a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">re farming peppermint and $9 or </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">$10 I think would be an excellent price now.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So what happened with your uncle then? He lost his farm you said? What did he do at that point?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My uncle?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">M</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">m-</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">He moved to Oregon. And lived in Troutdale for quite a while. I think he just hired </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">out. He was a stonemason, brick </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">mason. And I think he made a living at that.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I want to ask you a little bit about, you talked about the war a little bit and that you</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r older brothers all joined and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">went to serve. Do you remember hearing about the war? And have any memories about that at all?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah, when the war come on, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">some time</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> during that we got a radio. And I k</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">now my dad listened to the news </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">every evening. My oldest brother, Edward, that was born in Oregon and was the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">only one that wasn't born here, was drafted into the A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">rmy. And he took his training down in one of the southern st</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ates. I can't remember for sure now if it was Texas, or--. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Anyway, they ended up sending him to a little place by Washington</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> D</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">C</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> that they cal</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">l </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span class="SpellingError SCX30075691">Vint</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Hill Farms. And it was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">training, a special training area. And he worked there as, we'd probably called it </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">a cadre that helps do training. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But there everything was coal fire</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. So in the wintertime they had to keep the furnace going and the hot water</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">heater going and snow </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">removal or whatever. And he never did go overseas. But he was on a laundry run.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And he was riding in the back of a deuce and a half army truck. And a Lincoln hi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t the truck head on. And he was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">thrown up against the cab and killed. So he wasn't-- he didn't see overseas action</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. But I remember that was a sad </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">day for the family.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I imagine. You mentioned having the radio. Did your family get that before the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">war or at some point during the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">war, you remember?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It was during the war. I don't remember. We didn't have a radio while we were still in Richland.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Oh, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. You got it after you have moved to Kennewick at some point.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. So how did you get news when you were in Richland? Was there a local newspaper?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah, there was a newspaper. And don't ask me if</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> it was daily or weekly or semi-</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ekly. But well, I guess, in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">old days,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> we took the Spokesman Review. I don’t think--there wasn't a local newspaper. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ere might've been a weekly. But </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">you're getting too far back in my brain.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah, do you know how your family found out about the war, that United States w</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">as going to war? Was it through </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the newspaper? Or sort of word of mouth?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, I think all the above. You know, neighbors were close and we did get th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e Spokesman Review. And I don't </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">know if it was a day late. I think it came down on the trai</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">n. So it could be the same day. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">At that time Pasco, its main industry was the train. A train town. And Richland was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">just a little farming community </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">along with White Bluffs and Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Right. And then was it in the spring of '43 that you first heard about that the g</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">overnment was coming in and was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">going to be taking people--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Yes, y</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">es. 1943.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But your family, you have sort of the rest of that growing season. Is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, it must've been later in February or maybe first part of March that that h</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">appened. I suppose there's some </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">way I could find out. But I do know that the ones that lived in what we call downt</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">own Richland didn't get to stay </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and farm their crop. And we did.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah. I wonder if there's anything that we haven't talked about yet that you think wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">uld be important to talk about, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">something you know, about growing up in Richland, ab</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">out the community itself, about </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">farming?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, we had a great swimming pool, Columbia River. Also fishing. Never had a fan</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">cy fishing pole. But go down to </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the river and cut off a large willow, tie the line on the end of it. Works </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">good</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">What</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> sort of fish did you catch with that?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Probably mostly carp. Occasionally we'd get an edible fish.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> But we enjoyed doing it</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. Some real hot days, the whole </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">family would go to the river. Our firewood, you could put on what they call a boom ou</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t on the river. It'd be several </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">logs fastened together with chain or cable. And have </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">an anchor out on the upper end. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So it would catch all the wood that was coming down. And that's where we got th</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e firewood. And for the icebox, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we'd go down and my dad would saw chunks of ice out of the river and we had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> sawdust bin that we would bury </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">the ice in there and it would last long ways into the summer. So things were a littl</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e bit crude back then. But none </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">of us died from it. We all made it.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Right. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">What about in the winter? You know, in terms of the river, the river ever freeze ove</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r? What sorts of things did you </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">do? Any things that you can say--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">All I can remember about that is that what I've been told. I think I was about two ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ars old when it froze over. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">they even drove cars across it. I don't think we had any bridges at that time. It wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s a ferry that would ferry cars across. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And it seems like the winters don't get as cold as they used to here. I don't know if it'</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s a cycle or what it is. But my </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">younger years, we could ice skate on the river, most all winters.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So that was something you did in the winter then</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> for fun</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, I don't remember doing a whole lot. But you know, the river is danger</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ous, and we knew it back then, i</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">f the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ice only goes out a sma</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ll ways. So my folks wouldn't--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I just know that my folks would</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">n't have let us go to the river </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">to ice skate if the ice wasn't thick enough.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And you mentioned a ferry. Where was the ferry landing?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Well, there was the ferry la</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nding down at what's Columbia Point</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> now. An</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d there was another one between </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Kennewick and Pasco. There was another one up at Hanford, one across. It would come and go as the need</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> was. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But I remember the first bridge across the Columbia was long enough ago that I can't really remember it.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. I want to ask you a little bit about your employment at Hanford. When did yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">u start working at Hanford? And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">how long did you work there? And what sort of work did you do there?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, I graduated high school in 1951. And of course, we were still farming the gr</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ound. I did take a job in wheat </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">harvest. And my brother stayed and did the chores that had to be done through the summer. And so my mother</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">paid him what I made, the same amount that I made. So it wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s like both of us having a job. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">After wheat harvest </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">was over in September of 1952--I think it was, yeah, 1952--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I w</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ant out and applied for work at </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Hanford. And I got a job in the power department, running the steam boilers and tur</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">bines and that's out there. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I worked there for 14 y</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ears. It was all under GE then. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I finished up in what was called the N Reactor. And that's when they built a st</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">eam power plant just across the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">fence from the N Reactor. And I applied for a job there with, at that time was t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">he Washington Public Power. Now </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">it's Energy Northwest. And I stayed there until '72 when I got the craz</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">y idea of being a farmer again. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And haven't really regretted it. You go from being carrying a dinner pail to being</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> a businessman in one sense. It </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">takes a l</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ot of money to farm these days. </span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Man</span> 1: </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Sorry, one last time. It looks like battery.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Man</span> 2: </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Man</span> 1: </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Pretty low.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">You can prompt me on anything you want to.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">What's that?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">You can prompt me.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Oh, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. I'm going to ask you just a little bit more about you working at Hanfor</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d. You mentioned working for GE </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and at the N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> and ask you where else at Hanford you worked?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">You asked me where I met my wife. I can give you a little more on that.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">There you go. And then I may ask you about I know President Kennedy had the official ceremony, right, in '63.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And I'll ask you if you were there.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was still working for GE. And it was Thursday morning. I had to work a swing shift</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> that day. So I just stayed out </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">there.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So you mentioned working for GE for a number of years. And then you said you e</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nded up with you working at the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">N Reactor. I wonder before that, what other parts of the Hanford site you worked at?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, I started at the C Reactor in the power department. C. B and C were right </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">together. Actually it was the B </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">reactor. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Then I got drafted in the army. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And in D</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ecember I went in the service to--t</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">hey sent my back to Virginia for training. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nd when the training with over, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">took a troop ship to Korea. I spent two years in Korea. Part of the time I was f</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">irst service. War was still on. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then after my two-year stay I came home and they put me back on o</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ut there. At that time I'd been </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">communicating with my future wife</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. And my twin brother, h</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e had a bad ea</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r and they wouldn't accept him. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Ironically we was going with sisters. But they weren't twins. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">so they decided to get married. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">So they got a two-year head start on us when I came home. Well, my wife, Bever</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ly, and I got married. And been </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">married ever since.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> And how had</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> the two of you met? When did you meet?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We was in school together. And the same way with my brother and his wife.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And so how many years is that now?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Boy, you're--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER] I'm testing him</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Off camera speaker:</span> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It'll be 60 next year.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> That's</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Wow, almost 60.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">It's getting awful close to 60.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah, wow. And so you mentioned you were in Korea for two years. And the war wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s still going on when you first </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">arrived?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes. Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And what sorts of--</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I went in and they put me in the medics. And I took my medic training down in C</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">amp Pickett, Virginia. And then </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">sent me to Korea. I was a medic.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then one other thing I wanted to ask you about, during your time working at</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Hanford, President Kennedy was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">here in, I believe it was September of '63. August or September of '63 to dedicate the N reactor.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was wondering if you were there at that time and if you have memories of that?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I was. I was there. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> witnessed his groundbreaking. H</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">e flew in in a helicopter and fl</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ew out in a helicopter. I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">probably went up to Moses Lake, where they parked the plane</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> And it was interesti</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ng that I happened to be on the </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">swing shift at that time. So when the ceremony was over I had to go over to the plant and start my shift.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Was there extra security that day? Or do you have any memories of a lot of people there?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Very much so. You know, that was just not long before he was assassinated. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nd there was a lot of security. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">There was three helicopters came in. And the doors opened on all three of them</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. They come to land, you didn't know which one he was on. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But the first thing you seen was they pulled a machine gun up in the doorway.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> And they looked all directions </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">before they left anybody off. And there was a big crowd there. That was very interesting.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Mm-hm.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Were there any other events during your time when you worked at the Hanford site that sort of</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> stand out? Any </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">significant happenings or anything that sort of stands out in your memory?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> They formed a rescue</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> crew out there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> They outfitted an older bus. And I thin</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">k there was about three or four different crews, maybe five. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">We never did</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> get called to an event, like there's been several around the Unite</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d States since. But that's what </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">we were trained for. And I was on one of those crews because I'd been a medic i</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">n the army, was the reason they </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">put me on there. We had drills. But neve</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">r had to go to an actual event. </span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And obviously Hanford was a place where security was very important. Di</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">d you do have to have a special </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">clearance to work there? Or what do you remember about some security processes?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, yes. I had what they called a Q clearance, which was top clearance, wi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">th everybody that was full time </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">employed. That the only ones that would get out there was if they had to have a </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">special person, something broke </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">down and had to go out there. And then he had to have an escort. And they told us</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> that you don't talk about what work it is on the job. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">But at that time, Hanford wasn't classified top secret anymore. After the bomb</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s were dropped on Hiroshima and </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Nagasaki, that's when they found out what Hanford was building.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Were you able to drive your own car out to the site where you were working? Or would you have to take a bus?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Oh, we had to take an expensive bus ride.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> They charged us a nickel each way. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nd nobody could afford to drive </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">their cars. If you did, </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">you</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> car pooled. But because the buses didn't have any air cond</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">itioning, just the windows. But </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">as long as </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I worked for GE I rode the bus. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">When I started working for Washington Public Power we car pooled. They didn't h</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ave an option. But they paid us </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">for travel time.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And how long did you work for Washington Public Power then?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Seven years.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Seven years. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">'65 to '72?</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> So anything else that I haven't asked you about, either ab</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">out growing up on the farm here </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">in Richland or about your work at Hanford that you'd like to talk about or you thi</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">nk is important that we haven't </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">talked about yet?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Something serious?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> Oh, either way. No, it can</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> be funny.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, I remember when my twin brother and I was out and we had a watermel</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">on patch. And we thought it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">time to pick the watermelons. And we'd pick a </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">whole pile of them. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">My dad said, well, those aren't ripe yet. We'll have to feed those to the pigs. So the</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> pigs got watermelon early. But you know, we would--</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">that's some of our pastime would be walk</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> around the neighbors and such. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">There wasn't too many dull moments. Especially, my mother used to say that when </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">you have twins, well, one can't </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">think of the other kin. So I guess you can take from that what you want.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Yeah. If you had to sort of sum up for someone who wouldn't know much about the area, what it wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">s like growing </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">up in the small community at the time, growing up on a farm at the time, what would you tell them?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, that there wasn't many dull moments. I think there's an advantage that ki</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">ds today don't have. We grew up </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">having responsibility to know that there might be a little time for play. Bu</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t they're also work to be done. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I can remember going out in the fields of whole peppermint and my dad would</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> take two rows where my brother </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">and I, we'd take one apiece and pull the weeds out. And we'd fill up a gallon </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">jug of water. Had a burlap sack </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">wrapped around it and dipped it in water before we went out. And that would k</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">eep cool. That was our drinking water. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Had to come in in time for chores. We milked as many as five head of cows. But at the time my dad got </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">sick we </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">only had two milk cows. And a couple of </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">horses and several young stock. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">And then there was 4H and FFA. That was after we moved to Kennewick. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> can't remember much more about </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Richland, only being 12 years old and there's probably more. But I'll think about </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">it after our interview is over. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">I remember riding the bus was quite a treat. When we got the new buses in Richland i</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">t was, as I said, I think I was </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">in about the third grade. It was quite a treat. And they said there was heaters in them. But we coul</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">dn't tell when </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">winter come</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">. </span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Didn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> feel like it. </span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">They weren't very efficient.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Well, thank you very much. This has been really interesting, very informative. I appr</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">eciate it. You’ve been great. </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Thanks very much.</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX30075691">
<p class="Paragraph SCX30075691"><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kaas</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX30075691">Have you interviewed others?</span><span class="EOP SCX30075691"> </span></p>
</div>
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Gordon Kaas
Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:02:57
Bit Rate/Frequency
Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)
232kbps
Hanford Sites
Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview
N Reactor
B Reactor
C Reactor
Years in Tri-Cities Area
Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site
1915-2013
Years on Hanford Site
Years on the Hanford Site, if any.
1952-1972
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Kaas, Nelson
Kaas, George
Kaas, Edward
Chapman, Alice
Perry, Jay
Mitchell, Cameron
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Gordon Kaas
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Gordon Kaas conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
2016-06-8: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Subject
The topic of the resource
Richland (Wash.)
Pasco (Wash.)
Kennewick (Wash.)
Hanford Site (Wash.)
White Bluffs (Wash.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/12/2013
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
video/mp4
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
B Reactor
C Reactor
Hunting
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963
Kennewick (Wash.)
N Reactor
Pasco (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.)
swimming
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff428b88f5b77ccce1fd1fab7bbd4a97c.jpg
53ac2b07373133ea3a62bc18f062b9c6
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F59604beaf31c3557f1ecee91ad472fee.mp4
53f23bcda9dffb6be8f5472ee8bbb015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Herman Kilian
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">No</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">rthwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Kil</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">ian_Herman</span></span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></strong></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Laura Arata</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. Well, good morning. Thank you so much for coming. If I could have you start by just saying your name and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">then spelling your last name.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Herman Kilian</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Herman Kilian, K-I-L-I-A-N.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Thank you. My name is Laura Arata. It is March 3, 2014, and we are conducting this interview on the campus of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Washington State University Tri-Cities. So if we could just start out, I would love to have you tell me a little bit</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">about how your family came to the White Bluffs area, and where they came from.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. My family were German immigrants. Mr. Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">, the Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Ranch out there by the weigh station</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there at the bridge, brought them over and paid their way for a year's work, for their room and their board and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">their way over here. You see, they came from Germany in 1927, and they were in such a bad recession. A pound</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> of butter cost a hundred--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">cost 1,000 German marks for a pound of butter. And they were so poor they couldn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">get married, so they got married and came to White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And how long did they work on the Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n Ranch, and when did they--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">They worked one year at the Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Ranch. Now, you can see the Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Ranch when you go over the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Hanford Road to the bridge. It's right to the right. There's an old shack still out there. That's where they spent their</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">first year of their life in the United States.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you know if they spoke any English when they came here?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">No, but they were smart. They learned it pretty quick</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. They--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there isn't that much difference between English and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">German, a lot of it. You know, if you're smarter than me.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">So when did they acquire their own land?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well, I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">--you see, </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">most of the farms around there were, a lot of them, were under</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">receivership. And so they bought a little five-acre tract. It was probably either the first or second year when they</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">were here. My dad went to work for the railroad, and had a steady job, about $0.40 an hour. And, anyway, they</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">bought this five-acre tract with a little house on it. They had to carry their water about a quarter of a mile from the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">house. We had no electricity until we moved to another house a few years later, but that's the way it was.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did your family grow crops on that property?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Dad worked on the railroad, and mom was the farmer. And she grew-- we grew potatoes and carrots and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">everything that you eat, buy in the store for vegetables. We grew everything that we ate. All we bought was flour</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and spices.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And at what year were you born?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I was born </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">1931, right in the heart of the D</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">epression.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">A</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ll right, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nd how many children were there in the family?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Oh, I think there were seven of us all together. My youngest brother was born in Sunnyside, but there were six of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">us in White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you have any memories of White Bluffs as a town or as a community at that time?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I didn't understand the--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did you travel to White Bluffs a lot? Do you remember as a town what it was like?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I would like to g</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ive you a little idea of what--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I went on a trip up the Columbia River on that Hanford-White Bluffs</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">tour when we had our picnic time, and it kind of brought back memories. You see, White Bluffs was the Columbia</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">River. It's just like Hanford. The Hanford Project took that area, because it was a unique spot, had lots of water</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and kind of isolated. But the Columbia River was a big heater.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">The earliest fruit that was picked in Washington was picked at White Bluff</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">s. Because the Columbia River would heat—</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">air</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> always came in from the north and the e</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ast. And the Columbia River then heated up the air, so all of the fruit</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">were planted along the Columbia River from Hanford over to Vernita, not quite to Vernita. But all the fruit was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was never heated. They never used any smudge pots, because of the heat from the river and the White Bluffs.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">You see, the White Bluffs was a reflec</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">tion from the sun because of it</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">s unique whiteness.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> one year when I was about 12--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">11 years old, it was 130 degrees in the shade, the 4th of July. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">helped my neighbor haul out apples, and it'd bake the apples on the tree</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> it was so hot. So White Bluffs was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">probably the warmest area in the state because of those bluffs. You know, the sun reflection of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">f of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> the white sand.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And when you're going up this river, you get to the bend in White Bluffs, you will see an area out there that's got a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">whole lot of green vegetation on the water, grass, stuff. That would be a sandbar in July.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">But, you see, when they put the dams in</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> they </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">regulated the water, so that the river was high enough, </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">where it </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">would</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">always cover the sandba</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">r, if you get the picture, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">? And the Indians would use the sandbar and catch salmon</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">out there on the sandbar. That kind of brought memories back to me. <br /><br />Then</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> when you look over to the left—if </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">you want</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">to take a trip up that Colombia just for the fun of it, if they have one. But there's a bluff up on top, which was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">road. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nd that road was covered with six inches</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> of water or more in 1937 or 1938, had that big flood. But you can imagine</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">how much water came down there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Anyway, I remember I was in the back of the bus when the bus driver said maybe he was going to go through</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there. He got scared and turned around. We turned around in the water you know, because it so high. But history</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> can do--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">you can find out in history just exactly what year that was. <br /><br />There was so much snow that we made forts</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">in the school, and we had snowball fights.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And anyway, it was a big snow year. And 10 years later it happened again when </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Vanport</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> was flooded out down in</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Portland, when the roads in the Tri-Cities were underwater along the river. And it was a lot of water came down</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the Columbia once in a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">while. I'm not sure what hap</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">pens now. I think they regulate</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> it pretty well with the dams.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Then you get around to the bend of the road, there's a big house up on the hill that they left there. It's the only</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">house that's left in White Bluffs, that's the Heideman house. And he will tell you that. And that was a big mansion. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> remember going to that </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Heideman house when I was a kid. She had all the state-of-the-art furniture, all of the big</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">chairs and high stuff, everything. It was quite a sight. But Heideman went broke during the Depression and he</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> lost--anyway, he went plumb </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">broke, anyway. But that's the way it was.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And then, you see, there was four farmers that was left in White Bluffs when Hanford came in. There was Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Fanning. Mr. Fanning had a pretty good-sized farm, probably 100 acres. And he had dairy cattle, and milk cows</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and then he grew white rose potatoes. And the government bought his potatoes and his milk for the army. They</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">were left in there. And then there was Clark, there was Pat Clark. And then another guy, I forgot his name is. Then</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Skelton. There were four of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> them that stayed in there for two</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> years a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nd raised fruit for the army. Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">, if you know</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">what I mean.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And anyway, they came out of there pretty we</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ll off. The government paid them</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> pretty well. <br /><br />That's the story of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Columbia River. Because White </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Bluffs</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> was the Columbia River, because that was the heat and the water. That's</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">why the government took that spot because of the big river and the cool</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ing capacity that it had. And o</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ther than that, I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">don't know a whole lot more about what happened. If you want </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">to </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ask me a question or two, I'll try to answer it. But</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> the Columbia--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">that sandbar was quite </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> attraction, because the Indians came there, like I said, and then the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">carnivals came down. Not the c</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">arnival, but with the monkeys--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the zoo. Is that what you call it? A zoo? Anyway,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">they set up down there, and of course it was a good spot. It had lots of water</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> feed the animals with. But it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">quite an attraction for--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">It was like a traveling circus? Something like that?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Anyway, I was in the sixth grade when we know left White Bluffs. Sixth grade, And I was 12 years old.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you have any particular memory--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">T</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">he one thing that was kind of--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the sheep men liked White Blu</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ffs. There was four different--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">well, let's see, Simon</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Martinez moved in there about the mid '30s. Simon Martinez now has got the only band of sheep in Washington</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">that's commercial. But he got his start there at White Bluffs. They didn't irrigate too much, but in the spring if the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">year there were lots </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">cheatgrass</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">, and they lots of food. We actually fattened up the lambs just on grazing on the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">cheatgrass</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> stuff t</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hat grew out there. So it was--being warm and what</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">not, why, it was good to the lamb. So that</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was a good spot for the sheep men.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> <br /><br /></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">The one thing </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">that I remember about White Bluffs as a kid is there were some little blue lilies that grew out on the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> were some hills out there that were still desert. It was too high. They couldn't get water to it. But we'd walk</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">around out there, and they'd find these little lilies out there. They're little blue lilies.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> [LAUGHTER] That was our spring </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">rk. As soon as the snow got off</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> got warm,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> these lilies would come up. Anyway, that was a-- Other than that, why, most</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> us was poor. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well, White Bluff's--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">obviously it's an agricultural community. Do you have any memories of the town itself and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">some of the businesses?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well, we--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I worked with my mom. My mom was the farmer. And we grew potatoes and carrots and rutabagas. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">had a root cellar, and we filled tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">t up. Well, a root cellar was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">they take t</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hese railroad ties and make a—</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">then</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">we'd cover it up with dirt. And it was actually alway</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">s warm in there, in the root cellar</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. It was underground, and we'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">go down and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> we'd--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">when I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">’d</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> get home from school, why, we would top carrots and rutabagas, and put them down</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">in the root cellar. Dad worked on the railroad, so we did everything, basically, in the evening.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And the Indians came over a few times. That was quite a sight to see old Johnny Buck. I still remember Johnny</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Buck sitting on his big, old Pinto horse with his tomahawk stuck in his saddle. He looked kind of mean to me as a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> kid. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] I was </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">about ten, eleven years old. But</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> evidently mom gave him some food, some potatoes and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> carrots and stuff. And he'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> come back once in a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">while and get some stuff. But, anyway, I remember Johnny Buck,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the Yakima chief. Anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Can you tell me a little bit about going to school, what school was like?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> My school? There was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">well, it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> just</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> a three-story, I think it was, anyway, a three-story school building. They had--we had basically t</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hree grades in one room. Only--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">a teacher for every three grade</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. So there was probably</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">somewheres</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> around six or seven of us in a grade. Mrs. Moody was my first teacher, and then Mrs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Reisenauer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was my second one. But then we moved.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">The high school, evidently, burned down the last year before we left there. And so the high school all went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Hanford. And they were getting ready to build a new school, and, of co</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">urse, the government said to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> move out, so</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">we moved out. Which, when looking back, you know, why it was a good dea</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">l for our country that we did. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hey took</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">our area. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">t was kind of sad at the time, but, you know, when you look back and see what good was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">accomplished, why, it was worthwhile. My dad went back a few times t</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">o Fanning's place and cut his—</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">we</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">had a little tractor with a mower on it, and he went back to Fanning's and cut his hay a couple of times.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">So now, you talked a little bit about some snowball fights and forts an</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">d things. Do you have any other </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">particular</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">memories of school?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well, there were just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">it got pretty mean, you know? I mean, the big guys would start throwing at us little kids,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> why, [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] it hurt a lit</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">tle bit. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] And you can look in the records and see just when that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> that year,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">? But it was in the late '30s. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">'Cause</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> I was in school, and I was born i</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n '31, and it had to have been six or seven or eight </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">years later, you know, whatever. </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you remember any sorts of community social events that ever happened? I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">know you mentioned the 4th of July. Was there ever a picnic?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Fourth of July was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">—</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Oops.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I don't kn</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ow why. They are plugged in. Did this</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> come on?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">We'll get you hooked back up.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. Fourth of July was-</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the later years was quite an event. We had a gentleman who belonged to our church that</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">delivered our fu</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">el--gas man, Mr. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Swiezel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ut he, evidently, made enough money and whatnot where he</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">would buy a whole gob of firecrackers and stuff. And so we--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> at least for two years, maybe three, that I remember </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Swiezel</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> buying these--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I remember when I was a kid, I dropped a fire-- I had a fire cracker land under my feet,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and I dropped one down on there, and I was in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">middle of a fire cracker cracking</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. But they were little ones, they</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">didn't hurt anything.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">The last event that we had was in '42, and they tried to burn down the town of Ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nford. That's where he lived. They had a raz</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">e-fire out there with the wind</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> a-blowing. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. Anyway, by the 4th of July the </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">cheatgrass</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">all dried up. What the sheep d</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">idn't eat was pretty vulnerable. It burned pretty good. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] <br /><br />Anyway, it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">fun growing up in that little community. You know, you knew everybody.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> But it was also a little bit--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I never did</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">know where everybody lived. There wasn't very much, because I just went to church with my dad in the car. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">one time I remember driving around the river, and he showed me where these orchards were, where they lived.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">But other that we were pretty much in our ow</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n little communities</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And they talk about a ferry that went from the White Bluffs to the islands. They grew produce out on the islands.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I'm not sure if the Japanese did it, or what it was. Anyway, they grew some produce on that island. But I never did</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">see the ferry. I'll have no clue where the ferry is, so you'll have to look on the map and see where that is. Anyway,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the floo</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">d of '37 was quite a deal. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I helped my neighbor yard out apples for a couple of years. That seems</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">kind of strange, you're 10 years old or other, hauling out apples, but we had to work in those days.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Can you tel</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">l me a little more about church?</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Did your whole family attend? Did your whole family attend church?</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Was that a pretty regular activity?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, we went to a Lutheran church, in a Lutheran church. And there was a Presbyterian church in White Bluffs,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Catholic church, I think. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nd then a Pentecostal church came in about the mid-30s. I remember Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Ham</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> was one of the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> were two Ham boys that I remember. The one d</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ied of--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">got cancer, and the other boy</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was a big, tough kid. And he tried to get a cart off of the railroad track, and he didn't make it. A train hit him and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">killed him. But Alan </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was his name. But, anyway, my life was Dad working on the railroad and us farming. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> I milked cows. When I was 12--six</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> years old</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> I started milking cows. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] Oh, so that was how it was.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you know if your parents belonged to the Grange or any other?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">The Luthera</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n church didn't believe in the grange and lodges, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">? But they had a Grange Hall there. Mr. Fanning</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was the head honcho there at the Grange. We had a neighbor, Win Shaw, that had the apples that we worked in</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and he loaned dad his machinery and hi</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">s horses to farm with </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">when he came there. So Win Shaw was</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">a vital part of our life, because we wouldn't have made it without him, I don't think. And my little and my little</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> brother was named after him--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Winfield and </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Juelette</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. [LAUGHS] Winfield and </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Juelette</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Shaw. Named after Win and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Juelette</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Could you talk a little bit about when your family had to leave White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">What we did, what? </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">When you had leave, do you remember--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">When I had to leave White Bluff?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Yeah, what that was like.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, we got a truck and loaded up the sheep, and loaded everything that we owned on</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> it, and came to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> White</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Bluffs--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">or came to Sunnyside, which wasn't a bad move. I mean, that didn't hurt us any. You know, life in</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Sunnyside was probably better than Hanford and White Bluffs. I mean, there was more opportunities.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you recall at all, you were 11 or 12 when you moved--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I was 12 when we left there, yes. </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did you remember any of, like, getting the letter in the mail telling you </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">you</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> had to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">leave, or any of that process?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">No, I don't recall too much about what happened. They offered Dad a job on the railroad over there, but he didn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">want to do it, so we didn't s</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">tay there. But Dad was a good--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Dad was probably the toughest guy in the country. At</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> least over there. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> He was a strong boy. I mean, he could things that most them guys couldn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">What did your family do once you move to Sunnyside? What did you do once you moved to Sunnyside? Were you</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">still</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Kilian:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, w</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">e had a little farm. We had a--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">we</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> was right on the edge of the north side of Sunnyside where the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Sunnyside canal came around. And we were out there in the sag</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ebrush with the rattlesnakes. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> We had</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I don't remember any rattlesnakes in White Bluffs. Maybe there were, but we never encountered them. But</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">in Sunnyside, really we killed 20 or 30 the first year. The darn things would come down and get in the water.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] Anyway. But we had to get rid of our sheep, because it was pretty dangerous out there herding the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> sheep out there in the sage</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">brush with the rattlesnakes. Oh, we just decided well, we didn'</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">t bunch of sheep. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Is there anything I haven't asked you about that you'd like to share? Any other memories? Is there anything I</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">haven't asked you that you'd like to share that stands out?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">No. I can say the main thing I remember about White Bluffs is that big Columbia River, you know. And that</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Bruggeman</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n Ranch where Mom and D</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ad came.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> And the Heideman house where--well, they worked with Heideman </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">for a year. So, I mean, it was those kind of thing. And then the sheep. I've got one story I want to tell</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> you about sheep, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">? This is </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">a story about our sheep dog. Mrs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Hoferer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> gave mom a shepherd</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> of some kind.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> It wasn't a--it was a good--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">he was a young pup</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. And he was a good sheep dog. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nyway, about a year later Mrs.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Hoferer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> evidently lost her dog. And so she came over and took our Teddy back home. This was in the spring.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">And by the summertime, Teddy came back</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> home. All he had left on him--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">she'd completely shaved him so he</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">could run without getting to hot I guess. I don't know. But, anyway, </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">except for</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> around his neck. And we never</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">thought no more about it. Anyway, </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Hoferer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> left Hanford in the fall of '40, '42. And we moved to Sunnyside in</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">about August. In '43, why, here come this dog. And I was out working in the produce stuff, and here come this</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">dog. And he was always a mangy </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">looking mutt. I mean, you can imagine. He probably ran around out there for a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> year, or six, eight</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> months, anyway. H</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">e didn't like Mrs. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span class="SpellingError SCX115576974">Hoferer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> very well, let's put it that way. Whatever she did with</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">him</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> I don't know, but I went home and I said, Mom, Teddy's out here. And I says, Teddy. He wagged his tail and</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">come up to me. And so we found the dog, again. He found us in Sunnyside. Came all the way over that over there</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">to get here.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did you keep him after that?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">That's a fact. That was Teddy. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nd he lived for about another ten</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> years. Course he was a big dog, and he liked to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">fight, and we had two females. And he got tore up so bad that one day he came home with his eye hanging out,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">so I had to put him to sleep. But, anyway, that's my story of Teddy. That was probably the one that I remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> best, you know, my dog. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">]</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I got a note. I'm supposed to ask you about the boat races. Do you have any memories of the boat races at White</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Boat races? I don't think they had them early, did they? When are they supposed to have had them? </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Woman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">In the '30s</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and '40s.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">When were the boat races?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Woman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Sometime in the summer in the 1930s and 1940s. </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I'm told the 1930s and '40s.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">In the 1930s there was some boat races? Well, I don't know of any. Of course, my dad wasn't-- our folks wasn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> i</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">nterested in that kind of stuff. A lot of things I didn't do. L</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ike I said, I never got to the e</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ast side of town. I don't</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">know who lived out there. I knew who lived out there, but I don't know where.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">We'll, is there anything else that you think it's important for students, who, maybe don't know about White Bluffs to</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">know about what happened </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">there before it was closed down?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, not really. I think, basically, White Bluffs was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">n agricultural</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> community, and some made i</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">t and some didn't. It was a D</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">epression time. I mean, it wasn't any different than Sunnyside. People came out from the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Midwest.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> We fed people that came out here from the</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Midwest, with nothing</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> after the drought</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">and everything th</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">at they had. We just kind of</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> raised crops and puddled around in our own way. </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Is there anything</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">else you'd like to tell me about Hanford? Any of your responses to, kind of, the end of World War II when you</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">found out what was going on there?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, Hanford was a bad word for Sunnyside people. I mean, for w</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hite-blooded people. [LAUGHTER] W</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hatever.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Well, it really wasn't. I mean, at the time were just one community. But I didn't know the kids that went to school at</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Hanford</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">. Because that was, oh heck</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">, it was 7 miles away. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> You didn't get very far very fast.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">We wer</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">e lucky our old car ran. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] </span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Do you recall how you felt when you learned what they were making at</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Hanford at the end of World War II?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well. There was kind of a--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">it didn't bother me a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">ny too much. I mean, I didn't--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">it would have been a little bit easier if</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">they had told us what was going on, but it was such a</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> military secret that, they didn't--</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I don't know</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> whether</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> the workers that worked out there knew what they were wor</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">king on.</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> They just built stuff and that</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">was their job. But what was going on was kind o</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">f a military secret. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">hey didn't want somebody shooting</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">bombs over to blow the place up, I think. It was kind of a hush-hush operation.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Great. Well, that is all my questions. Is there anything else that you'd like to be included?</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Well, you know, when you're six </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">years old, you don't know a whole lot, you know? That's all I remember.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">That's great. Well, I want to thank you so much for coming and sharing your memories with us. I really appreciate</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">you being here and sharing all these stories. I'm out of questions.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> You're out of questions. Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> Are </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">we stay on time? Is that</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did I talk too--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I don't want her yelling at me.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">Did I talk too much? My wife--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">No.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">My wife says I talk too much.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Arata</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">That was wonderful.</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX115576974">
<p class="Paragraph SCX115576974"><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kilian</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I've got a-- I'm </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">dyslexic,</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> I can remember every</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">thing, but I can't read. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">] Yeah, I have a hard time reading, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">I could remember everything that I heard. </span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974">[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX115576974"> So, I mean, I don't forget the--</span><span class="EOP SCX115576974"> </span></p>
</div>
Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:34:13
Bit Rate/Frequency
Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)
194 kbps
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Clark, Pat
Martinez, Simon
Buck, Johnny
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Herman Kilian
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Herman Kilian conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
3/3/2014
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
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video/mp4
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
2016-07-21: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Bluffs (Wash.)
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe492c807fcb72ea484f1a3f609650c6a.jpg
01677cd59b210bb62fc34da468aef790
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe80189acb0a6011ff60f71ddfc211623.mp4
e14a584a638ed796407bd0d8a1c20f21
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Jean Johnson
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Northwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Johnson_Jean</span></span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></strong></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">All right. Ready to get started?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Jean Johnson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mm-hmm.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">O</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">kay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. We'll start by having you state your name.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Well, my name--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">the name that people from White Bluffs will remember is Carrie Jean Conning. That was my</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">name there.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Right. Your name now is Jean Johnson?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yes. I left the Carrie off.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. Great. And my name is R</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">obert Bau</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">man, and we're doing thi</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">s interview on July 31, 2013, at Jean</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Johnson's home.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And so I want to start our interview by just asking you to tell me a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> little bit about your family. If you know w</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hen they came to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">White Bluf</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">fs, how and why they came there, and when.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">When my father</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> was </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Leslie Andrew Conning. Known in White Bluffs as Andy. Andy Conning. He came from</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Pennsylvania. Somewhere here in the West and came up the river and landed in White Bluffs in 106.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And do you know why he came to White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">He was kind of an orphan when he was born. His mother died with birth. And his grandmother and father raised</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">him, and they couldn't take care of him, so an uncle took him.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And his name was Andrew somebody else. Had sheep. And he wanted my dad to come back, come there into</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Colorado, or in the White Bluffs area and have sheep. Don't know if he ever did.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And so that's why he came to White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mm-hmm.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And how about your mother?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">My mother came from South Dakota. They went to Yakima. I don't know why. And then they went from Yakima to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">White Bluffs in 1912. She married my</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> dad in 1918. And he had four--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">they had four children. I have three older</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">brothers, then myself.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And so your parents met in White Bluffs, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yes. They were neighbors. Because her name was Johnson, also. She came in there as Irma Johnson. And then</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">she married Codd</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ing. That's what people are confusing when they say, what was your mother's maiden name?</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Johnson. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] So</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> then I went to work right from graduation to The Republic newspaper in Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49048070">
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> In Yakima, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And I w</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">orked there--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was only, I think I was maybe 17. I was going to say 16, because I did graduate a year</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">earlier in my age than I should have. And I could only work so many hours, because that was during the war.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">'43 I graduated from Yakima High School. And I had to sign a paper for a Social Security number. I never had had</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">one before. So then that's when I took off the Carrie and just put Jean Conning. And then, of course, as soon as I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">got married, I had to do it again.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I wonder if you could talk a little bit about where you grew up in White Bluffs. Your family farm, what that was like,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">what sort of crops you grew, that sort of thing.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> He grew--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">my father had apples. And we lived right next to the Columbia River, and we had a water pump. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">used to pump our water out of the river to irrigate.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> And then we had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">he had just a home. Little bunch of fruit trees. Peaches and </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">pears and cherries. And every—</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">of people would come and pick them and can them, and my mother wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">uld can them. And they worked—</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">irrigated with the pipe and plugs.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">What kind of pipes</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">, do you know what that pipe was</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Wooden. Woode</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">n pipe. And they had a cement--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I don't even remember what they call it. But the water came</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">from the river, and stayed in there, and then the pipes would drain off to put water in the field.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And then the war came. And I was still</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> in school, because I started--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was born in 1925. So he lost that place and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had to move to another place. And the boys were all in the service by then. And he worked it by himself. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">worked himself down. He got sick. But we stayed in White Bluffs. And then the cars were going through with the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">US government, so we knew something was going to happen.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I wonder if you could talk a little bit more about the farm that you grew up on. Were there other buildings that you</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">? Was there like a storage--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">a warehouse for storing some of the fruit, or any other sort of buildings?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Not then</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. We had a barn, because we had a milk cow, and two horses. The horses used to pull the spray wagon.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And then in later years, they put a pipe out for them, to hold a spray. So they could just hook up and spray. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">they were spraying</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> lime and sulfur, som</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ething like that. It was very--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">after everybody was gone, I heard how</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">dangerous that was.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And was that for insects?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mm-hmm, worms. The worms were eating him up. And nothing would stop them, since I told you before, they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">didn't come with DDT until after the war started, which was too late for him.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Did you have electricity on your farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Uh-huh. And my mother had an electric stove and an electric washing machine. But it was just a small little house.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And the school bus would not pick me up, because I lived within three miles of the school.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So you walked to school?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So I had to walk to school. And there were three other girls there, who all four of us had to walk to school, carrying</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">our lunch buckets and our books. And no fear. You know, every place we went</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> we walked. We had no fear. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">knew everybody.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Do you remember the names of any those girls that you used to walk to school with?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yvonne </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Ponsat</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> was one. P-O-N-S-A-T. Her father was French. And she had two brothers who were in high school</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">with my brothers. Another one was Elizabeth </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Keele</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. I don't know what he does. He's around Yakima somewhere.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">He's probably gone by now, too. The other girl, I can't remember her name, because she had moved there.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So when walking to school, was that elementary school and high school, or?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">High school.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">High School.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yeah, the school bus would take us to grade school, but not to high school.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">The high school was closer to you.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And it was just across one field, but we walked over and went down and walked down the road. And then</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">eventually we all got bi</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">cycles. But the bicycles were--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">we were almost grown by the time we could afford a bicycle.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Must</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> have been a little tricky walking sometimes in the winter.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">There were no winters there. We lived so close to the river, it was warm all winter. I don't remember any snow. No</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">snowmen, no snow fights, no icy roads.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And did you have telephone at your house?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, yes. With the ringer, you know-- "numb</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">er please!" [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] You remember them?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I remember the dial phones.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh yeah. Well, this was just a telephone operator. And we also had RFD. We also had mail service. So it wasn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">too remote.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So how far from the town were you?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, they said I lived within</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> three miles. </span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> A</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nd that was the limit for school was three miles from town.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Do you remember any of your teachers from school at all? From either grade school or high school? Did you have</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">any favorite teachers or ones that you remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> at all</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, those pictures reminded me. I did not remember them, yes, but I do now. And another thing, too. My father</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">was the clerk of the school board.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> So he got to have all the interviews of all the people who came that wanted a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">job of teaching.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my youngest brother and I would sneak around and try and get a good look at them before any of the school</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">kids did. We wanted to know who they were first.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> My other two brothers had graduated from high school by then,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">but my younger brother and I went to school as close together as four years could do it.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Were your parents involved in any other organizations at all in the community?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, just my dad was a Mason, and my mother was Eastern Star. And that was all</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> of their--t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hey did not go to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">church. And we had eight churches in White Bluffs, and they were all active. No, there were six! Six. I'm too far.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">What about the town itself? What sorts of businesses do you remember, or stores, or anything like that?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-hm</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. You want to bring that in, Leslie? It's out there. I didn't bring the right one. It's a tablet. Just seeing that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">picture reminded me of a lot of their names.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">, the grocery store was the first scene. His name was Dick </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Reirson</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. R-E-I-R-S-O-N. And then we had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">drugstore, but it was a pharmacy. And he had an ice cream table.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And he had a distorted hand, and he used to put the ice cream cone down in there, you know, with the little top,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and then reach down. Remember those cans that had the ice cream in it? Good old hard ice cream put in there,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and never drop a drop. He was also the band leader for the high school music.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And then there was the power company, and I could not remember the lady's name. They had Pacific Power</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">there. And he had a Ford dealer with a service company. That was Fred </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Gillhualy</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. G-I-L-L-H-U-A-L-Y. And they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">were four boys. And I don't know if they're around Yakima or gone by now.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Yeah, </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I'm not sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I know the name because one boy said he was flying home from California to Yakima, and they were taking</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">so</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">many people had to get off the airplane, but he got to ride all the way to Yakima. Went to get off the plane, the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">little stewardess said, how do you pro</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nounce your last name? [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] They couldn't tell him to get off the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">airplane because they couldn't pronounce his name! So that was good.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And Levi Austin was the superintendent at the high school. And the Austin name is from Prosser. The one boy, he</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had a hardware store in </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Prosser. But I keep thinking,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> you know, they're still there, but I'm just lucky to live as</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">long as I hav</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">e. Because they were probably--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">they were</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> my brother's age. And see in there, everybody's gone.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So I don't reme</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">mber any teachers.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> I remember--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">well, I don't remember the principal, but I remember the principal</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">of the high school took us all in the next morning after Pearl Harbor, and told us that they had bombed Pearl</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Harbor.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Is that how you found out about it?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">World War II, yes. Because remember Roosevelt? Franklin Roosevelt? "This day will be known in infamy." Well, I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">heard that. Course, it never went away.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> And then my father--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">this was years before we moved to this ranch. The first ranch we had when we were all little.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">My father and the neighbor built this warehouse, and they came in with apples, and they poured them in this water</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">bath, and then it </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">went down. And the women sorted off all the bad, and the other ladies were packing the apples</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">with wrapper paper. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ake t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hat little paper.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And they'd go on a roller to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">lidder</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">, and he would put the lid on and stack them up. And then two more people</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">would come with these lifts and carry the five boxes of apples across a ramp and put them on the truck until they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">got the truck loaded, and then they would take it to White Bluffs, to the railroad.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> The Milwaukee Railroad came into</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">White Bluffs, and they would take them to Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And that's how the apples would get shipped out.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And the Pear and Fruit. I don't even know if they're still there, but my father worked for them after he had to leave</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">White Bluffs and went to Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">When you were growing up on the farm, did you have any chores? Any things that you did?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">No, I was little.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> I was little. No. And I said we didn't have any indoor plumbing, and we didn't have any running</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">water. And my brother reminds me so much of Wes, the boy you met.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Said, well, Jeannie said we just put the bucket on the rope and put it down, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">get a bucket of water. W</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ind the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">rope up, grab a hold of the buck, and if you were still able, you'd run t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">he water to the house. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] So he</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">tried to tell me that we did have</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> running water. But no, I did--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I probably took care of the chickens or something</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">like that. I didn't have any pets.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Did you swim in the river at all, or anything like that?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">No. No, I was too little. The boys did, and we'd go out in one of these peach orchards. There were a lot of</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">orchards in White Bluffs. Beautiful orchards.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And they also had irrigating water. Pretty </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">British, no. What's the Puget--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">what's over here? Where the river goes</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">under the bridge?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Not sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Priest River! Priest Rapids!</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Priest Rapids, sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Priest Rapids irrigation. And they had paid in money for the upkeep of it. And that was one of the things that the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> boys--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">some White Bluffs boy told me, did you ever</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> get any money back from your--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">what do you call that?</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Whenever y</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ou give money--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">have money yearly. It's not a donation; it's a cost.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">The years of the irrigation.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, can'</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">t think. Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. And no, we didn't ever have any. But they did have plenty of water. That's one thing they did</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">have up there was plenty of water. And those peach orchards, they could afford to clean up new land, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">bringing in new trees, and have the water. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nd they could--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">with the winters that we had there, their fruit would get</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">onto the market before California would get up to Yakima.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So when that company came in to take over, they gave my dad about $5 an acre. And these </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">guys got maybe $20.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And they were all rich enough to hire lawyers, and they hired lawyers. And their lawyer got them much more</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">money for their land. But it was worth it</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">o see those brand ne</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">w trees get just bulldozed over!</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was wondering if you remember any special community events or </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">celebrations?</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Did you have any 4th of July</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">celebrations, or picnics, or anything like that? Foot races?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I can't remember any specific. I do remember that they built next to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">high school something called a C</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ommunity</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> H</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">all. And they would have dances and the boys would play basketball. And maybe Kennewick would come up and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">play basketball. They'd have basketb</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">all games. But as far as grange</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">, they did not participate.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> So--</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, and this orchard, in their warehouse. Yes, he had told me that </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">before, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> he had about 16 people that they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hired. And my mother was the bookkeeper. And so these people were getting money every Friday night. 1934 and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">'35. So he had lots of friends. Lots of people liked him, because he did provide for people to get a job.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">There were no jobs, as far as work was concerned.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> The grocery store would hire--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">his nephew was there. And the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">drugstore did it by himself. And one lady, Mrs. Leander, was the postmistress. She took care of the post office. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">don't know who any of the people were that came around to deliver the mail.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">You mentioned earlier that there was the initial farm that your parents had, and then your father had moved at</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">some point. Is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">About how old were you at that time, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> according to the pictures on--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">at home, I was about four. Because I was just with the kids as they would</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">stand out go to school. I wasn't going to school. And then I cannot tell you how</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> long it was, but it was a big b</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">low to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">leave that house and that yard, and go to a house where workers had lived in all their life. And they had cardboard</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">on their walls, covering up the wood.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And it had one bedroom, and I got to have the bedroom. And there was a big porch in the front, and the three</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">boys slept in part of it, and Mother and Dad slept in the other. Bu</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">t the w</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">e</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ther over there was never cold. I guess</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">it was hot, but I don't remember that. I'm sure it was hot. Because it was desert.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And how far away would the second place have been from your first house? Was it fairly close?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> I would say three and a half</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> miles, just up over a hill.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And then you lived there until you moved to Yakima?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">You mentioned that you'd heard about World War II beginning. You want to talk about your brothers? And I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">understand they all joined the service at some point. Is that correct?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-hm</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And that's why you were still living in White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">No, Yakima. Well, you're right. They were. But then they left, because one was going to university and the other</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">two we're going to Washington State. And they joined in what, '41? And then we had to move in '43.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">But they said, Mom, don't worry about moving to Yakima, because we can get to Yakima from anywhere in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">world, but we can't get to White Bluffs. So they were probably already in the service doing their first camp or</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">something.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> one--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I had no idea in the wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">rld what reconnaissance meant--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">he did not fight a war, but he was in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> reconnaissance--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">until I looked it up in the dictionary. And he was fighting the war up in the air, taking pictures of</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">their movements, the Japanese movements.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my other brother was in a tanker taking fuel from New Orleans to France in the Atlantic. And he said that the</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Atlantic was full of German submarines. He said there were four days that they didn't even take their clothes off.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">But his was brand new, and he could not go slow as everybody else did. And he could go faster than their convoy,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">so he circled their own convoy without any cover, because he said his boat would not go that slow.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my other brother was in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Marine fighter pilot. And he--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I don't know if you knew the story about Ted Williams,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">but Ted Williams'</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> group came in. Whenever my brother left that camp, Ted Williams came in. And I just heard</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">that on the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">because people look at me and say, Ted Williams, the baseball player? And I said, yes, he went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">war. Yeah, he was in a group that came in and took over where my brother had been.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">You mentioned earlier that you start</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ed</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> seeing some </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">cars and vehicles that said U</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">S</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> G</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">overnment. Do you remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">any more about that? Anything else that happened?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">, that was our first--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">there was gossip around that, I don't know, that they were going to take over and build </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">atomic bomb or something on our land. That we were going to have to leave. Well, you know, until it came to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">push, and then came shove.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">But these station wagons were showing up, and each one of them had about four men sitting in it. And they were</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">surveying the land. And they had surveyed how many houses there were, and what condition they were in,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">because some houses were ready to be burned and a few houses were moved. And the rest of them were</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">demolished. And then all of a sudden it came across that you were going to have to move by the 15th of</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">September. They gave them the date.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my mother worked on an election board. And whatever year that was, I don't know. But she wanted to stay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and work on that last board. And I had been told later that that was the only money she was going to move with,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">was what she got paid for.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">She had a sister that lived in Yakima, and they found us an apartment. And it was just two rooms. Oh, goodness, it</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">was small. But that was where we were.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my dad stayed to work on the orchard. They let him stay until the crops were all picked. And he sent the last</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">bunch of apples off that orchard to Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">How did you feel about having to leave? Or your parents ever express anything about--</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">They did not, because as I've said before, I said we were poor. Leslie just said we didn't have any money.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> And we</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">all got jobs.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I got babysitting jobs with a little neighborhood girl. The mother was there, but I would just go over there and play</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">with her, and get maybe $0.25 or something. Well, that's all there was. And I didn't drive. I couldn't go anywhere.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Cars were--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">gas was rationed.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And then we went to Yakima. And I graduated on about the 3rd of June and went to work on the 6th. I said to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mother, now, don't wake me up. I'm going to sleep for two days. She woke me up and said, well, there's an ad in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">the paper. The newspaper wants help. And I said, well, I'll go see.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, I got taken that day. I worked there </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">for seven years. In the advertising, Johnny, doing anything that they</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">wanted done. I would do it. I ran</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> the switchboard. And I could--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I did a lot of odd jobs there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">But I was in advertising. Yeah, I have to tell you that writing for sale notes to be published in the paper. And Friday</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">night, he had to have it. Everything had to be back in the room to get on</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">to Sunday's paper, at least by five</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> o'clock</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Friday night.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And this one man would invariably come about 20 after 4:00. And every time I could, I would leave the room. But I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">got a hold of him one time, and he had cattle for sale. And I was writing it down. And he had a milking short-horn</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">bull. And I wrote it down, and I looked at it. That's what it said, a milking short-horn bull. I said, that's not possible!</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, he said, you silly girls don't know a thing. That's what </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">it is. Put in the paper. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">]</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I couldn't ask him, hey, my father wouldn't have known what a sho</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">rt-horn bull was either. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] Wow, I never</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">will forget that. So I found out later that that's a breed of animal. That's what they're called.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was asking about leaving White Bluffs. Did your parents get any money for their property at all?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I have no idea. Money was never spoken of. I know that we took what furniture that there was suitable, and we</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had an aunt and uncle that lived in Sunnyside. And they came over with an old truck, and took whatever we</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">couldn't take. Because when we went to Yakima, they said the apartment was furnished. So we didn't take</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">anything.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And that was bad. Because what they had furnished, we didn't want to sleep on. And we'd already sent out stuff to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Sunnyside. So we slept on a Davenport</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> until we got enough money to--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mother went to work for a lady that lived</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">up the street. Had a little milk and bread grocery store, and she had two sons in the service. And so she and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Mother had lots in common. And Mother would go to work for her</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> two days--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">for a couple of hours two days a week. And that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">was what we bought groceries with.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">When you were living in White Bluffs, how you get news? Was there a newspaper? Did you have a radio?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I never read a newspaper. I don't know anything about that. As soon as I got into the newspaper business, I read</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">everything I can. I don't know.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And as I said before, the radio we had was run by a battery. And the boys were allowed to have 30 minutes of</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">radio when they got home from school. One of them w</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">as Jimmy Austin. Remember the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">well you probably don't</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> remember--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> airplane. My one brother was crazy about airplanes then. And then they got into the, oh,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> some stupid--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I think that was television, though. And then my dad was a great news man, and he would listen to</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">the Richfield Reporter.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And how about you? Did you listen to anything on the radio?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Uh-uh.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was wondering if you ever had a chance, opportunity, to go back to White Bluffs at some point later, during one</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">of the White Bluffs reunions, or anything like that, where you have to go back and see the area at all.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Just three times I have. One was our 60th graduation. And the four I told you </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">about--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">we had four--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and the other</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">three came. And that was when he took </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">my girlfriend and I up to the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Harry Anderson took us up to our homes.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Otherwise we would just join the convoy that would go out around </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and around and around. And come back in and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">drive through what White Bluffs streets were to get back out to the park.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">When you were able to go back and see the area, were there any things that you recognized at all that were still</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">there, or was pretty much everything gone?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, a lot of the houses were still there. The girls that I used to go visit and knew about. And the warehouse was</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">there. Just about the last packing he did was when he left.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And a wind storm had come in and it was just boards. And the wind leveled it. So that was the end of that. And our</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hay barn, our cow barn, had collapsed, and I didn't want to go back anymore. It wasn't home.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I see. What do you think is important for people to know about the community of White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I want them to know that we were a community. We had stores. We had grocery stores. We had a barber shop.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Had the power company. We had electricity at home.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">My mother had an electric washing machine, which was very, very rare. But the boys had made enough money in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">the service to help her buy some stuff. So she had an electric stove, and she had a wood stove. And the electric</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">stove is what she baked in. Use it for baking. Because we had so many apples, she was always making apple pie.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">The wood stove had a great big reservoir. So if you wanted hot water, you started the stove. You'd have enough</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hot water to wash the dishes at suppertime, and wash your face to go to bed.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">That I can relate to something else that's kind of bad to these kids, but every morning, after breakfast, before we</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">went to school, we</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">’d</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> put a little bit of soda and little bit of salt in the palm of our hand, and take our dry toothbrush</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and mix that together. Have a glass of water, and the four of us went outside, and stood outside on the lawn, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">we'd all brush </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">our teeth. Dip it in the water, and dip over here. We didn't have toothpaste, but I guess soda and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">salt will work just as well.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">We never had candy. We did have apple pie and chocolate cake. Mother did bake. And then my father had that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">cow, and would have a calf. And whenever the calf got big enough, he'd butcher it. And it would hang up in a tree.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">It was cool. It was always in the fall that he'd butcher the calf. And they'd go out and cut some meat, take it in, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">have it for supper. So it was very, very pioneer. True. But as I said before, Leslie has made me think we were not</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">poor.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Did you go to any other towns very much at all? To Pasco or to--</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, Pasco we went for a doctor, because I got real sick in my fifth grade. I had Bright's disease. Don't even know</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">what it is. But the doctors now say, well, I'm glad you had it then, because we don't want you to have it now. And I</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had to stay in the hospital in Pasco.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And my mother would come twice a week, and she'd say, how are you doing? Oh, I said, I wish you'd bring me</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">some water from home. The water t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">hey give me has--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">they always put my medicine in my water! And I said, I don't</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">like it that way. I like to be able to drink a drink of water. And she said, well, they shouldn't put your medicine in</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">your water.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So she went out to the nurse and said, Jean said that the water isn't good. Well, she complains to me, too, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">she's drinking city water. They had chlorine in i</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">t, and I didn't like it. [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">How long were you in the hospital for</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">About two weeks. To me, that was a long ways to be from home.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And about how old were you at that time?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was in fifth grade. I think I was 11. Bright's disease, I think, was a kidney problem, </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and the doctor, without telling </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">me, told my mother that I may not ever be able to have children. So nobody told me anything about that until a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">fter </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I got married. And I had four children in six years,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> so I proved them wrong! [LAUGHTER</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">] All doctors aren't right.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Were</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> there doctors in White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was born there, yes. That's what one of my friends said, you couldn't have been born in Whit</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">e Bluffs unless you </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">were born at home. I said, no, I was born in White Bluffs. There was a little house there, and there was some</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">doctor. I don't know who he was. He was an old, old man. And the lady I talked to, the nurse, was a retired army</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nurse. And sh</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">e said she had studied--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">what's baby birth? It's not pediatrics.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">It's not pediatrics?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, anyhow.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Woman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Was it midwifery?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yeah. Well, that's what she was. She was a midwife. So yeah. The boys were all born in Yakima.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Oh, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">My mother would go in there and stay with her mother.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">But you were born in White Bluffs?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I was born in White Bluffs. And isn't that funny? I can remember that, a white ho</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">use. It was spotless. And there </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">was no dogs and cats running around in it. No children. Just that old man and that lady. But I made it through.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Are there any other memories or stories, things you remember from growing up th</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">at we haven't talked about yet, </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">or I haven't asked you about yet that you'd like to talk about?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">No, I ended up with The Republic and then I got married. Well, I worked seven yea</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">rs at the newspaper office. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">the picnics and things that we had was over on the other house where we ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">d the big lawn. We always had a picnic there. </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">A lot of those people who were working at the warehouse would come over on Sunday</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> and bring one dish or </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">something, and all their kids. And they would play on our yard, because we had </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">water in the yard--came to go to the orchard--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">had been derailed and come on to the yard. And he had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nd old lawnmower and mowed</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> it. So it was fun. And we had a lot of company, because every</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">body was beholden to my father. </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">And that's about all I can remember, but I wanted to express myself that this is </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">really from my heart, because I </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">have wanted to do this. And I appreciate all your help and the other people comin</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">g in and standing there waiting </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">for us to get done.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, I want to thank you very much for being willing to share your stories. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">his has been terrific. I really </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">appreciate it.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Thank you. And the weather there! The weather in </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">White Bluffs--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">I'm sorry. It wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">s beautiful, even though it was </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">desert. We had warm winters. I do not remember any snow. And it was a long trip</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> from White Bluffs to Yakima in </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">an old car.</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> [</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">bounces up and down</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">]</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Is that the Ford?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> An old Ford--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">no, no. Oh, my, no. We had a big Chevrolet. My brother bought it, then they went to war.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">So you took the Chevrolet once they were gone.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-hm</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. Well, I am a very happy person.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">[LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Well, thank you very much. Again, it was really appreciated.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-hm</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Crew w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">oman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Is that it?</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Crew w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">oman</span>: Okay, well I heard you talking about the boat regatta.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh. Yeah. The boat regatta. There's a photo of the cars lined up on the river.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> Mm-h</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">m.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Could you talk about that at all? Do you have any memories about the--</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">Oh, yes. Because two of our men were in two of those boats. One of them was t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">he </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span class="SpellingError SCX49048070">Wiehl</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">. I can't remember what </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">another man's name was. I don't remember too much about it, because to me t</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">he boats were just going around </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and around and the rest of us kids were either try</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ing to get ice cream, or [LAUGHTER] see how many rocks we could pick up or something. It wasn't--</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">and that's another thing, too. I probably mentioned that before. We w</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ere never afraid. We were never </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">afraid. Day or night. If somebody new came into town, he was well covered. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">nd everybody knew who he was in ten</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> days, five days.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">The boat regattas, did it happen every year? Is that something that's a yearly</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">--</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">As far as I remember. I cannot say it was every year. Maybe every year for five ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">ars or something like that. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX49048070">that was one of the biggest events. There was no rodeos, and no parades that I can ever remember.</span><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay. Well, Jean, let’s have you look at some of these photos, maybe. And have you talk a little bit about them.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Jean Johnso</span>n:</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> All right. This is my mother and father’s wedding. They were married in Prosser in August 19—I almost want to say 1916. It doesn’t matter,</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> really,</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> it was somewhere in there. And they had met in White Bluffs, wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">ere mother’s family grew up—</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">moved from Yakima to White Bluffs—was only 100 feet from Dad’s shack.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: So they met early in the shack. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: They were neighbors. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Yeah. Okay, and this was a brand new Ford Turing. It wasn’t Turing—what did I tell you it was?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: You thought maybe a M</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">odel A, possibly?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: No. I don’t think—I don’t know. Maybe not, it was a brand new car. And when Dad went into White Bluffs</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> to pick up the car, he took the</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> three boys with him and bought them all three new hats. So they were spiffy and ready to go. And here they were just showing me off.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> And this is my house in White Bluffs. I loved that house. And you can see from the pictures they had a great big lawn.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Right. More kids again here.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Mm-hm. And we played—I was out on the grass all the time. The boys had pretend airports over here with their model airplanes. In those days they had airplanes that were made of steel or something</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">, they were</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> heavy.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And who took all these photos, did your parents have a camera then? Do you know?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Are we all there?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: No, but I mean—this is the four o</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">f you kids, but did your family</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> have a—</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">J</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">ohnson</span>: Yeah. They had a Kodak B</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">ox. And those other pictures that I took when I was older, I had a little tiny thing that took 110. And then they finally did away with the 110 film. So the girls gave me a digital—3M or something, I don’t know. I can’t think.</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> So I don’t take any more pictures. Yeah, this was 1937.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So, you were about 12 years old? What year were you born?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: ’25. No, I was little. I was about four, I didn’t get to go to school yet.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, here you were little</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">, yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> Let’s see. Oops.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Yeah. And that’s an orchard that they worked in and th</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">ey climbed up a tree. And there wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">s a ladder, and there’s the dog standing there with them. See that? </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">Ben-ben</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> was always with them.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: That was your family dog?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Mm-hm. There was a—</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And who’s this here?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: That’s my second brother. He was the one who was on the gas run for the Navy.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> He had come home from Pullman. He was very, very studious. He was the president of his senior class in college.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay, was that Washington State?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Yes. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> this one—my</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> older brother went to the University of Washington, Seattle.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay, I’m going to bring in some of these school photos now.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: This was </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">the </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">seventh grade.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And which one are you in here? You see yourself?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Remember? </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">I was in the background, up by the teacher, tall. Yeah. And this is what? Fifth</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> and sixth. We were younger</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">. See that’s me right there. My brothers were all ahead of me. And that man’s name was </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span class="SpellingError SCX237666991">Tomet</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">. He lived in </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">[UNKNOWN]. Fred </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span class="SpellingError SCX237666991">Tomet</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And he was the teacher?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Mm-hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: This was taken outside in front the school.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Mm-hm. That looks like a pretty good looking school, doesn’t it?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: It does, yeah. Now here’s an earlier one.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Yeah, that was the teacher of second grade. I told you when she came back she had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> little tiny—had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> belly on her! Next time we knew, she had a new baby in her arms. That was my experience of when children would come, taught in school.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And which one are you in this photo?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Oh, right there.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Uh-huh. And there’s grade school.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Oh, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">his is a whole bunch of them!</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Looks like the whole grade school.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: It must be.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Of White Bluffs.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: I think I’m down here, because that</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> was the teacher. And that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">m</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">y</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> first grade teacher—I told you she was an older woman. And do you know, to this day—I called her Mrs. Moody—and there’s a lady in Ellensburg that my brothers went to school with. And they called her Mrs. So-and-so. In those days,</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> that’s all we—you</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> did not call them by Martha and George. They were mister and missus. And that’s what—in that, the lists that Betsy made of all those men in town—I didn’t know their first names that came to me. But they were always Mr. </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span class="SpellingError SCX237666991">Gilhuly</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> and Mr. Larsen and Mr. English. Kids in those days didn’t say, Hi Fred!</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> [referring to picture]</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> I can’t tell, I can’t tell. But I’m there.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And another thing I wanted you to talk about was this.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Yeah, that was the name of my father’s apple. This was painted on the backside of his—on the solid end of the apple box. And that does say White Bluffs on it. Codding and Heideman, Fred Rea – Seattle was his—when his stuff was shipped out. When it went right into</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> the store, right into people, i</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">t was </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">Pear in Yakima. Pear Fruit Company.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And who was Heideman?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: He was a neighbor. We lived here, and went through the orchard and through the orchard, and he lived right there. And they had five children and they were all younger than we were. But it’s funny how they grew up, because two of the boys were teachers that came into Yakima. They were agriculture teachers and one was a livestock teacher. And they came into the school from Wenatchee. So many of those kids, you know, they moved out of White Bluffs when they had to. And they all stayed within the area, almost. I don’t know, some of them must have left and went out of state, but a lot of them just stayed with what they knew. That’s the only thing you could do, you couldn’t get really educated.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: A lot of them stayed close by?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Mm-hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: I meant to ask you, do you know how large your farm was, like how many acres?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> something like 22. It wasn’t large, but they were all trees.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And so your father partnered with Mr. Heideman for these apples.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Well, I would say Mr. Heideman let</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">—knew</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> my father. Because he wanted to build it.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: And Heideman said, well, I’ll help you. And so they got in a real go</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">od friendship. </span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">Us</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> kids were all</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> good friends, but the parents didn’t have much to do until they got into this. But he was, as I said before, a lot of people had great respect for him for getting them jobs.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Mm-</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span class="SpellingError SCX237666991">hm</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">, right.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: Now, not to change the subject, but my boys are the same way as my dad was. Because my boys hire whatever they have to hire. And they are—the boys that they hire comment to them and to their parents how easy and how nice it is to work here. Because they say thank you, they don’</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">t yell at them, they’re paid every</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> time they need money or time they’re off. And that’s what they have learned. If they did the work, pay them. Don’t say you have to wait until Monday. So they have very good respect in the Valley. I’m very</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991">, very</span><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"> proud of all of them.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Sure. I meant to ask you, how did you come across this label? How did you get this label?</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Johnson</span>: I have no idea. Somebody must have drawn it up for him.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX237666991">
<p class="Paragraph SCX237666991"><span class="TextRun SCX237666991"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Mm-hm. All right. Thanks. Thank you, that was very good. Very helpful.</span><span class="EOP SCX237666991"> </span></p>
</div>
<p class="Paragraph SCX49048070"><span class="EOP SCX49048070"> </span></p>
</div>
Bit Rate/Frequency
Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)
244Kbps
Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:04:24
Years in Tri-Cities Area
Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site
1925-2013
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Conning, Andrew
Johnson,Irma
Ponsat, Yvonne
Keele, Elizabeth
Reirson, Dick
Fred Gillhualy
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano)1882-1945
Williams, Ted
Anderson, Harry
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Jean Johnson
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Jean Johnson conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
2016-06-7: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Subject
The topic of the resource
Pasco (Wash.)
Kennewick (Wash.)
White Bluffs (Wash.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
7/31/2013
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
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video/mp4
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Kennewick (Wash.)
Pasco (Wash.)
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb9924b95c500c11fbe13d70499530994.jpg
c6a5a368983807b39e2eb55f5be4117b
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F89bbc7b903e7acf0ca7b8fbdd52459aa.mp4
afa17d712e9449df0e87752979c8f63a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Bauman, Robert
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Holm, Paula
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<p><strong>Northwest Public Television | Holm_Paula</strong></p>
<p>Robert Bauman: Good to go?</p>
<p>Camera man: I'm recording.</p>
<p>Sound man: Yup, I’m recording too.</p>
<p>Bauman: Okay. Can you hear me all right?</p>
<p>Paula Holm: Yes.</p>
<p>Bauman: Okay, great. So we could start maybe by having you say your name and then spell your last name for us.</p>
<p>Holm: Okay. You want me to start right now?</p>
<p>Bauman: Yeah, that's fine.</p>
<p>Holm: Paula Mary Holm. My maiden name was Bruggemann. Do I need to spell that?</p>
<p>Bauman: Yeah. That would be great.</p>
<p>Holm: B-R-U-G-G-E-M-A-N-N.</p>
<p>Bauman: And my name's Robert Bauman, and we're conducting this oral history interview on August 6th of 2014, and we're interviewing Paula Bruggemann Holm in Yakima, Washington.</p>
<p>Holm: Mm-hm.</p>
<p>Bauman: So let's start, if we could, if you could talk about your family a little bit, especially about your parents. And if you know when they came to the White Bluffs area and what brought them there?</p>
<p>Holm: My dad was born in Germany, and he wanted to come to the States to be a farmhand, have a farm, so he chose to venture to New York and then come across the states, and he settled in the White Bluffs area and purchased the land, from--it was a German fellow by the name of Von Herbert. And that started the whole process. He was able to have enough funds to purchase the ranch. So that's what got it started.</p>
<p>Bauman: Now, was he married already to your mother, or was he single when he came over?</p>
<p>Holm: He was single, and my mother was working at the ranch with her sister and my grandma, my mother's mother. So they could all handle, between all of the family, they could handle the ranch hands, which I can't recall how many they had. But that long building that they called--The long building existing there now that's kind of disintegrated down to a few existing blocks was actually called the cook house. Didn't you have a different name for it?</p>
<p>Bauman: Warehouse is the name of the building.</p>
<p>Holm: Warehouse, no, that was the cook house, and my grandma was the chief cook and along with my mom and my mom's sister. It was just kind of a unique family situation, and it worked out real good. I was somewhere in the mix, but I wasn't really involved in the whole situation because I was two and a half, three years old--three years old when we had to leave. So it's real hard to go back that far.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure, yeah.</p>
<p>Holm: I don't think you could do it yourself.</p>
<p>Bauman: Right, so talk about your parents a little. What were your parents' names?</p>
<p>Holm: My dad's name was Paul Ludwig. My brother's name is Ludwig. My mom's name was Mary. So I am Paula Mary Bruggemann--Bruggemann-Holm.</p>
<p>Bauman: And so how did your parents meet then? Do you know?</p>
<p>Holm: Well, just they had met there on the ranch because my dad needed a certain amount of help, and I guess that's how they had met. I don't really know all the details there, but my mother hadn't married yet, and my aunt was married, and my grandma was married, of course. So my mom and dad were married in, oh, let’s see, 1936 or so, and then my brother was born in '38, and I was born in 1940.</p>
<p>Bauman: And what was your mom's maiden name?</p>
<p>Holm: Mary Etta Hoard-- H-O-A-R-D.</p>
<p>Bauman: And do you know where she was from originally?</p>
<p>Holm: She was from, well, let's see now, oh, wow, the Portland area.</p>
<p>Bauman: Okay.</p>
<p>Holm: Anyway that area there somewhere, and that's all I can tell you about that situation.</p>
<p>Bauman: Now I know you were very young when you left there. What do you know about, and I know most of this would be from your parents telling you or maybe your brother telling you, but what sort of crops were grown on your land there?</p>
<p>Holm: Well, mostly soft fruit, the apricots and peaches and, and then my dad had sheep. I don't know if he had goats or not, but he had sheep, and quite a large amount of sheep because he had sheepherders help and dogs and everything that goes along with it. And one of the fellows that helped him sheep herd was the father of one of the fellows that lives here in the Moxee area, I believe it is. I don't have his name right now--Hernandez or--pardon? Martinez, and I've talked with him, but he's so bitter about this whole situation, it's hard to get a lot of information out of him. Because his dad worked with my dad, and he had such bitter memories that his son, which is the one living now, is so down on the situation. I've talked with him a couple times, and it's been very interesting. But it's just hard to talk about.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure.</p>
<p>Holm: Especially for him when his dad was right there working with my dad.</p>
<p>Bauman: Right.</p>
<p>Holm: Oh, excuse me, I'll have to retrace on that. My mom was from the Galvin area in Centralia.</p>
<p>Bauman: Oh, okay.</p>
<p>Holm: And they had an old, old farmhouse out there. And that's where her best friends were living, and she still visited with them up until probably five years before she passed away. But it was kind of a large family, and she really enjoyed that area, a very nice, quiet area, and she went to school there, and graduated from high school. But then after that, I don't know. I don't really know, unless they maybe had gone to dance. You know, they had grange dances then. Maybe that's how she met my father, but I wouldn't be able to tell you. [LAUGHTER]</p>
<p>Bauman: I noticed in doing some research looking back there was a reference that—an old newspaper--that your mother in 1939, I think '40 was secretary of the grange in the area where the ranch was.</p>
<p>Holm: Oh, uh-huh, yeah. Yeah, there was a picture, some picture, in a photo. I noticed that, which I wasn't aware of at all. And she belonged to some women's club.</p>
<p>Bauman: So going back, I want to go back a little bit to your father again. And you mentioned that he came from Germany, and do you know was he looking for somewhere to farm, to buy some land?</p>
<p>Holm: Yes.</p>
<p>Bauman: Do you know why eastern Washington, how that happened or just there was land available?</p>
<p>Holm: Well, I guess that would be the situation. He found the land here or in White Bluffs or whatever, and it was real appealing, and so I don't know how long his search went on. I don't know how long he tried to pursue the situation, but that's what he wanted to do was farming.</p>
<p>Bauman: Now, I've been out to the site, and I've seen what's left of the building there, and I know there are also these large ceramic irrigation pipes there that you can still see parts of. Do you know terms of other outbuildings what else was there, besides the house and the cook house?</p>
<p>Holm: No, just the pastures to keep the animals when they were supposed to be in. And I wasn't allowed to go out, because when you're so small, you're around the house most of the time. And my grandma was quite protective also. Helping my mom with the children, and cooking for 17, 18 people was not an easy job. So when my grandma helped and went shopping with us, she had a harness deal that she put on me because at that time when children were small, I guess that was the best way to be sure that they don't get away from you. Of course, nowadays are different. They don't take care of the children like they used to. Whatever the children do, that's fine--run away or run two blocks ahead of your family. It doesn't matter. But my grandma was pretty strict. So she wanted to know where we were at all times. [LAUGHTER] So I, at one time--I guess this is my brother's story. He was out in the fenced area, along the fenced area, and got kicked by one of the animals because he shouldn't have been there at that time. So but I'm sure that that was something that he had mentioned in the other interview, which was kind of funny. But other than that, it's just real hard to remember any of the--I don't even remember the house.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure.</p>
<p>Holm: That's the thing that really gets to me. I just can't remember the house at all, where the living room was or where the bathroom was or nothing. It's just really--but when you go back in your life, I don't think you can remember when you were two and a half, three years old either. I have a slight vision of where on the surroundings, but that's about it. And then when we moved from that area and had to get out, I think that I do remember there was a substation at Hanford. That was some good friends of my folks', and I would stay there because they were busy moving. And I don't remember if they moved temporarily to Sunnyside or not, but they moved in this house. I'm sure it's down by the junior college, and I was playing on a lot. They had a house that they rented, and then there was a little house the set back on the lot, and I was playing there with the gang. And somebody was batting a baseball, and I was too close behind him, so he hit me in the head with the bat. [LAUGHTER]</p>
<p>Bauman: Oh, no.</p>
<p>Holm: And that was like three years old, three and a half years old or whatever it was, and that's why I remember that house so much. But we were only there for a short while, while my dad and mom were trying to secure place to find. And they bought the house from Damon Canfield. He was not a senator, but somebody that was kind of involved in government things. And my dad always, of course, being in that nice, antique house out there, which was kind of actually European, more European than anything you could find here, he always, always said, oh, this house is just--it's just not a good house. He just like sold me a piece of junk. And he was always disappointed in that house, because it wasn't a quality house. So he probably wished he had his stone house back.</p>
<p>Bauman: Right, right. So when he purchased the land, was the house already there--the house and the other buildings?</p>
<p>Holm: On the ranch?</p>
<p>Bauman: On the ranch, yes.</p>
<p>Holm: Yes, it was a complete package. I don't believe he built anything or added on anything. He just took over, and that was that.</p>
<p>Bauman: Mm-hm. So you mentioned your grandmother would take you--she had to go shopping.</p>
<p>Holm: Yeah, she took me shopping.</p>
<p>Bauman: Do you know where she would go?</p>
<p>Holm: They had to go to Sunnyside. That was the only closest place with enough shopping, because they were kind of far away from--I mean, there's no corner grocery stores or anything like that that would suffice, because they had to buy quite a few things to feed that many people. And then when I went with my folks in their '38 Chevy pickup, is that correct? We always made a stop, and that's very interesting. I don't know if my brother remembers. I don't think I'm making this up. Sometimes I think I am, but we always made a stop along the road, along the highway somewhere, on the way to Sunnyside because there was this old hermit, and he had a name I think. But he thought so much of my mom, he would always say, oh, hi, Mary. And I would be sitting there on the seat, and we always stopped and talked to him. But he was an absolute hermit that was living out in the no-man's land or desert or whatever, and he had a full beard, just like Santa Claus. But he was so interesting to talk to, and they always wanted to stop and say hi to him or say hello. And that's about the most exciting thing I ever remember, because we never passed him up without speaking. But when I tell my brother about that, he--of course, a lot of times he stayed behind. He wasn't always--he was old enough that he could stay behind and not have to go on these shopping escapades or whatever. But other than that, there's nothing that is real interesting enough that I can think of.</p>
<p>Bauman: So my sort of impression now is the ranch was fairly isolated, away from any of the towns.</p>
<p>Holm: Yeah, uh-huh.</p>
<p>Bauman: Do you know who some of the closest neighbors might have been? Did your parents ever talk about any of the families?</p>
<p>Holm: Gilhuly. Gilhuly was--and I don't know what his first name was. He was pretty close there and his wife. In fact, I think he's still living today. They live right down across from St. Paul's School in quite a nice brick home. But his wife isn't real interested in this Hanford situation because she is the daughter-in-law, I guess you might say, and she wasn't there. It was just her father-in-law, I guess you might say. And there was Gary Wills--W-I-L-L-S--that was living in that area with his wife, because when they moved, they moved along the same time as my folks. And then they moved down to South Seventh Avenue, and they kept their friendship up until the time that they passed away. So they must've lived--I don't remember them from the ranch, but that's why they kept up the friendship because they were neighbors. And there's a few other names that I can't think of right now, but if they were mentioned, every once in a while, I recognize my folks mentioning that name.</p>
<p>Bauman: Right.</p>
<p>Holm: But I don't think that there is any other names that I can remember. I'd have to see a list.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure. So in 1943, of course, your parents and anyone living in that area there was notified that they had to leave.</p>
<p>Holm: Uh-huh, my folks didn't really, I guess you might say, burden us children with that kind of a situation. Because they were quite private people anyway. And if they would have talked a lot about the situation, it would have been kind of a bad deal for us. So they just--Papi talked about it in the evening when we went to bed, because we went to bed like 7:30, eight o'clock, not 11 o'clock, like a lot of kids nowadays. And so they would talk among themselves but not involve us.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure, sure. Later, when you were older, grown up, did you ever talk with them about it, about having to leave?</p>
<p>Holm: No, my dad, I think, would have had a hard time discussing that, or talking about. So they didn't, no, they didn’t really talk about it at all, that I can recall. But as children, or younger, you're not interested in that kind of a thing anyway, and then when you're older you think, hmm, boy, that was sure too bad that I wasn't better informed. So, no, they didn't—I can't ever remember them discussing it at all.</p>
<p>Bauman: When we were talking earlier, you mentioned that you and brother, Donald Gary Peterson, back to the site a couple years ago or so. I wonder what that experience was like for you. Did it bring back any memories, or was it more sort of you learning more about this place?</p>
<p>Holm: Well, yeah, learning more because my brother really hadn't talked about it very much either, so I'm kind learning, just from reading the articles that have come up during this whole research, which is very interesting.</p>
<p>Bauman: So after your parents got the notice then had to leave, your family then moved to Sunnyside briefly. Is that--</p>
<p>Holm: Well, I don't know if they went to Sunnyside, and, if they did, it was probably just for like two or three weeks, because they would have been coming this way to look for a property. In fact, I may have stayed with that family. I stayed with my aunt in Portland, I know. They moved all separately, and my aunt moved to Portland to Sandy Boulevard. And my folks, in the process of moving, had sent me there with them, because it's hard to move with small children. And I think they used Mayflower Moving. I remember that huge Mayflower truck, and I spent time down there waiting for them to get their bills all gathered together, and we you have to go down the office and do this and do that. But I do remember it was Mayflower. And I stayed with my aunt like three or four days, at least, because they needed the help. And that would be when I was three plus.</p>
<p>Bauman: And then eventually, your family moved to Yakima.</p>
<p>Holm: Yeah, they found the house up here and came and got me, and we moved in, and that was that. It wasn't exactly the best situation because I think my dad had to build or add a little bit to the--there was just a garage, an old garage, shop area or something, and he had to build on a big platform for fruit. So it wasn't the situation he wanted, but that's the only thing he could find at the time.</p>
<p>Bauman: So, the cook house is one of the few structures left, not just from your ranch, but from the whole area there, very few structures.</p>
<p>Holm: Yeah, yeah.</p>
<p>Bauman: Why do you think it'd be important for people to learn about these small towns and the farms and the people who lived out there before the war?</p>
<p>Holm: Well, it's Gary and the other people involved kept calling it the warehouse, and I don't believe that that is right at all. Because my folks always stressed the point that they had a lot of an awful lot of stress or load on getting everybody fed at one time. And it was kind of like a longhouse, actually, with tables, of course, and it was quite a production to get everybody fed and back out helping. So I do believe that that's what it was called, but the other structures, I don't remember a whole lot about. But it's kind of nice to have everyone knows the different structures that were out there. But when we went out, even when I was younger, we went out to check on things, but there was really no interest because I didn't really know what was going on or what to think. I don't know, when you're small, you just don't realize what goes on with your parents and such.</p>
<p>Bauman: Right. You told the story earlier, your brother, about getting kicked by an animal. Are there any other stories or things that he's told you that--he's a little bit older than you--that he remembered that--</p>
<p>Holm: No, we just were always playing out in the yard. And I can't remember now if there was a little bit of a fenced yard, but you just draw such a blank that it's real hard to tell you anything more because I just was so young.</p>
<p>Bauman: Sure. You mentioned earlier that your father talked about that the house there being superior to--</p>
<p>Holm: Oh, yeah, it was a much better constructed and very solid house.</p>
<p>Bauman: Did he talk much at all in other ways about the ranch, about the place at all or--</p>
<p>Holm: No, he couldn't. He just couldn't talk about it. So he didn't, I guess. That's what you might say. Just like all the other people. There isn't very many people that--they're probably passed away now, but there wasn't very many people that could talk about that because it was a horrid situation. That is that.</p>
<p>Bauman: Well, I don't have any more questions for you. Is there anything else that you would like to say or something I haven't asked you about?</p>
<p>Holm: No, I don't think so, not at this time. I just wish that my brother was here to maybe help you a little bit more. He could be here in a little while.</p>
<p>Bauman: Well, hopefully we can arrange that. But I really appreciate your time.</p>
<p>Holm: Yeah, I just wish that I could tell you more or come up with more, but I just like draw a blank.</p>
<p>Bauman: This is very helpful and very interesting, so thank you very much. I appreciate it.</p>
<p>Holm: Mm-hmm.</p>
Bit Rate/Frequency
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259 kbps
Location
The location of the interview
Yakima, Washington
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:32:31
Years in Tri-Cities Area
Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site
1940-1943
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Herbert, Von
Ludwig, Paul
Ludwig, Bruggemann
Hoard, Mary Etta
Canfield, Damon
Wills, Gary
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Paula Holm
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Paula Holm conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Subject
The topic of the resource
Hanford (Wash.)
White Bluffs (Wash.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-8-6
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
2016-06-09: Metadata v1 created – [RG]
White Bluffs (Wash.)
-
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2045b923bd00154088960e93b3ffe999.jpg
5594f32cffd1155c8710490f27309e4a
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2a1f5cb600d503379e0b3c691cdae908.mp4
9924474cd3bfd6785749acdeb0e844bf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
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Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Robert Brinson
Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University Tri-Cities
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:36:17
Hanford Sites
Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview
300 Area
Years in Tri-Cities Area
Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site
1948-2013
Years on Hanford Site
Years on the Hanford Site, if any.
1960-2000
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945
Moulster, Louis Lyman
Bit Rate/Frequency
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50 Kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Robert Brinson
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Robert Brinson part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013
Rights
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Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Date Modified
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2016-05-10: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Format
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video/mp4
Provenance
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The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Richland (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.). Public Schools
Richland (Wash.)--Social conditions.
White Bluffs (Wash.)
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Northwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Brinson_Robert</span></span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Robert </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman:</span> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">--2013 and the interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Citie</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">s. And I’ll be talking to Mr.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Brinson about his family’s history at Hanford. And his family stories, experiences, memories about that community. If you could tell me sort of how and why your family came to Hanford, when that was, and what family members were part of that initial coming to Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Brinson:</span> Well, let’s see, I’ll start with my mother’s family was originally up in Ruth when she was born. In </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">kinda</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> north central Washington. And grandpa was working at the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">train station there, as a depot agent, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">telegrapher.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: Oh, let’s stop. Yup.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, sorry. </span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: All right? Okay.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">All right, so talking about your family.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Robert </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, mom's family, which was the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Moulsters</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. My grandpa was Louis Lyman Moulster, the depot agent telegrapher</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">at the, I think it was, the Milwaukee R</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ailr</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">oad in Ruth, Washington, when mom was born.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I'm not sure how old they were when he got just a little spooked about the immigrants who were coming in to that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">area and decided they'd move. So they moved on to Hanford. And he took over the depot down there and raised</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">his family.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And there was Mom and Aunt Louise. Twin sisters Margaret and Mildred and younger sister June, which they</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">called Babe. The oldest one was Uncle Lyman. And the baby of the family was Uncle Arthur. When he came</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">along, Grandpa was busy with a train about to come in so he couldn't take Grandma to the hospital. So Uncle</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Lyman had to drive the car, and this is a 12-year-old kid driving an old Model T to the hospital.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Where was the closest hospital?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">In Pasco. Lady of Lourdes in--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I think it was still in Pasco</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, early</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> in that time. But when the word got back the baby had</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">been born, he kind of slapped his knee and said, that's the caboose.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> No more kids.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So what year did that family come to Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, I'm not certain. It's probably in the late 1910 to 1915, somewhere in there.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And the name is Moulster, M-O-U-L-S-T-E-R?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Right, yeah. They came out of Wisconsin, originally. And Dad's family came out of Arkansas. He was only two</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">years old when the family moved out</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> here. All of them is, let’s see,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">brother</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Paul and sister Irene--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">or not</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">sister</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Bernice. Brother Herbert and Albert were all born, no, not Herbert, except for Herbert, they were born back in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Fayetteville.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">They moved out to Seattle from there, and that was where Uncle Herb was born. But they didn't stay there long.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> They moved to—oh, I’ve forgot, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">you've got it in your notes</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> there in that one I sent you--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">to one of the towns in eastern</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Washington, before they moved to Hanford, anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> And they got what, 1918, I think they settled in Hanford. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">not in Hanford, the foothills of the Rattlesnak</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">es out there, where the Benson Ranch was up where</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Fitzdriver</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Hart is now?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So they ran the ranch up there. Had the sheep and everything. And the boys would raise the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">sheeps</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> that were</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">what that the mothers would</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">n't raise. So they had a good--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">they said it was a great place to grow up.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">The </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Moulsters</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> and the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Brinsons</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> were all friends from almost the get-go. Even living 18 miles away from each</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">other they would visit back and forth all th</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">e time. And so, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">hat's eve</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ntually Mom and Dad ended up at--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">It happened that when they finished with the apple crop down here, the kids would go up to the Wenatchee area,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">where further north where the crops were still coming off, so they could get some more work in. Earn some more</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">money.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And so they were-- just happened to be up there in a l</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ittle town close to Wenatchee--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">and they were picking</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">apples in a tree, and Dad got it in his head and asked Mom he thought they'd known each other long enough that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">maybe they should think about getting married. So she agreed, up there at the top of the apple tree ladder. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">that's where all that started.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And then I was born in 1937. The same trip to the hospital in a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> old Model T. Dad grumbling all the way</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> why'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">anybody want to live out in the middle of nowhere like this. So I only got to experience Hanford for probably four</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">years.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">But I did hear tales about how I would like to run off, because nobody locked doors in those days. And so if Mom</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">turned her back too long, I'd dash out the door and go down the street to see Aunt Bernice.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> She would tell that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">story on and on and over and over </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">as she entered </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">in her elderly years when she got a little bit, I think it was Alzheimer's, probably</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">is what it was, you know how they repeat themselves. So I heard that story a lot when I'd go to visit.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So the house you lived in, was it in town? Or did you have a farm? Or what sort of place was it?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">No, it was right in town there because Dad had the little beer parlor, ice cream parlor combination. There was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">room in the back where the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> men played cards. And they had--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">kids'd</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> scrounge ice cream cones and </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">men'd</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> drop in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">for a beer. And even the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Indians'd</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> come by and try to get alcohol, which you couldn't legally sell it to them. So he</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">had </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">to keep a little short barrel</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> .22 short pistol under the counter to dissuade the more belligerent of the tribe</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">when they tried to buy alcohol of off him.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Does it have a n</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ame, the pool hall or beer hall </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ice cream parlor?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I never did hear if it was just a Hanford pool hall or wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">atever. Otherwise it was just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">there were probably just</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">orchards all around town and up and down the river, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">is all it was, was</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> fruit.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So the Brinson family had the place 18 miles out. Is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">That, well, they worked for the. Benson, E</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">F</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Benson I think was his initials. He was the owner of the ranch. And he</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">built a house</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> for the family out there. Had</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> running water from a spring.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">An</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">d the kids got to drive in to--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I think it said in the letter Unc</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">le Herb wrote--that it was t</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">he county bought him a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Model T to drive in to the school at Cold Springs. And then somebody found out they were actually were in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Hanford School D</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">istrict so they had to, even though Cold Springs was closer, they had to drive 18 miles to Hanford</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">to go to school.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> So that must've been quite an experience. You can imagine teenage boys doing stuff like that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Would've been kind of fun.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Had you heard any other stories about the school itself? About your dad or your aunts and uncles?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">No. There was something that nobody ever really made clear, that he did have to spend a year at a high school</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">up north in--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">can't remember the name of that little town. Now, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I ever got</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> a letter on my sweater with a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">big P on it. Pateros. Yeah, Pateros High School. So he must have got into some kind of trouble and had to go</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">away to a different high school for a year. Because I think it was like 1930, 1931, when they graduated. It was</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">1935, I think, when they got married, so.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> So there was some time, h</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">e spent time in the President Roosevelt's CCCs, building campgrounds and trails in the mountains around the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">state. And he actually went</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">and spent</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> some time down in Oregon on the Salmon River, I think, panning for gold one</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">spring. He had a few adventures away f</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">rom Han</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ford before he came back and committed himself to a long, long</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">marriage with Mom.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Yeah, so.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, talking about FDR and the CCC, any of your family members ever talk to you about the Depression? What it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">was like growing up or living in Hanford during the Depression? Did it have an impact on the community in any</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">way?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">You know, they always talk like it was the most wonderful place in the world. They didn't have any financial</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">problems because they took care of everything themselves. They had their own herds and their own fruit and</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">vegetables. Didn't depend on when the government came along with the social programs. They went off and</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">made a dollar a day and sent whatever portion was required for them to send home. A certain percentage they</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">had to send home. It was never, n</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ever heard of a word, like</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> there was any kind of hardship at all.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Now the Moulster family, did they have a place in town, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, the railroad supplied a house for Grandpa and Grandma. So he would go down and greet the trains when</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">they came in. And of course all the family had free passes so the kids could, during summer vacation, they could</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">hop on a train, ride anywhere they wanted to go, for nothing. So they'd go over to Seattle and visit relatives.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">That's nice.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, they had a good time.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Sounds nice. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">How long was your grandfather work for the railroad in Hanford then?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Until the government came in. And they moved from there to Prosser and they retired. And they lived in Prosser</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">for the rest of his life. I think he died, oh, somewhere like 1957 or 8, somewhere like that.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Do you have any </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">idea how busy of a train stat--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">like how often trains came through? Once a day? </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">A couple times a day? Do you know?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I never heard, no. You would expect maybe at least once a day to have to keep a guy there.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Mm-</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">hm</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, you’d think so</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, right. I was wondering about, you talked about the beer parlor/pool hall and ice cream parlor.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I wonder if any of your family members ever talked about recreational activities, picnics, or Fourth of July</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">celebrations, or things that kids did for fun.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Just when they'd visit families back and forth. They'd go out to the Benson ranch on Sundays, usually after</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">church, and they'd have a big supper. And, like I said in the write up, they would make a big tub of ice cream. You</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">know it probably was salt and ice and stirred all up.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And when they'd come the other way down to Hanford and they probably went to the river in a summer day,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">cause that's where the whole town gathered, right there in the swimming hole. Only place to keep cool. And you</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">can imagine those blistering summer</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> days like we get around here. Without, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ack before they had a lot of the agriculture</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">we have now. Wasn't nearly as cool, probably.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Right. Yeah. Then there's winter, also, which is a completely different.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, yeah there's pictures. I've seen pictures at the reunions of the frozen Columbia with a herd of sheep going</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">across. And just amazing. The ice skating, of course, on the same place they'd swim in they'd be ice skating on it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">in the wintertime.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Bauman</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">: Mm-hm. N</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ow, when your</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> family was at the Benson ranch, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Dad's family, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So it was sheep. Did they also grow crops at all? Apples, peaches, anything </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">along that—orchards?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">No, it was always strictly for wintering the sheep, I think, mostly.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> In the springtime they'd drive them out onto the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">sagebrush flats out in the range. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, even today if you drive--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">we just got back from a cross-country trip to</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Kentucky, and out through Wyoming and Utah there, you see sheep all over the place. You see the little carts out</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">there the sheep herder lives in. It's just like it was back then.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">You talked about the Brinson and Moulster </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">families being close, were there other families, do you know, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> you got close to—</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, there were--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: --Or knew really well?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">When they had the get-togethers, the reunions were just the happiest times, when they'd all get together and</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">they'd hash out the old memories from. And they'd talk about the people around the mercantile downtown. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the different neighbors</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, all of them</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. It was too young for me to remember most of the names. I remember a few names.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I th</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ink the store was run by the Boyd</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> family.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And of c</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ourse there were the Clarks. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Ili</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">an</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Clark was one of the latest, or she went to our church, actually. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">mean she </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">would, she's the one that'd always try to organize the sing-alongs at the reunions. She would play the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">piano and try to get everybody the sing all the old songs.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. What about churches in the community? Were there a number--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I think there was only a Presbyterian church there. I think that's what everybody went to, if they were so inclined,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Mm-hm.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And did your family get to some of the neighboring communities very often? </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">To </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">White Bluffs or Richland? I know</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">hopsital’s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> in Pasco, but--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Not that they've mentioned very often. They've had quite a rivalry going with White Bluffs that even carried on into</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the reunions. The Hanford folks and the White Bluff folks still had a few issues, even going into those later days.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Probably sports teams and such like that.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Probably schools and sports teams.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So let’s t</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">alk a little bit now about W</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">orld </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">W</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ar </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">II and when the federal government decided that they were going to build a site out</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">where the community of Hanford was. What do you know about that? Or what have you heard from your family</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">member</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">? I know you were only four years old or something at the time. What sort of stories have you heard</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> about that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">There was a lot of bitterness. And even to this day, some of them, like that one fellow you mentioned that you'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">interviewed before, I'm sure you must have heard from him how hard it was on some of the folks to walk,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">practically walk away from </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">a</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> orchard just ready to probably pick and produce a crop and make a profit for you for</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the first time. And you have to walk away from it. You can imagine what kind of bitterness that might produce.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">See, we had already left by probably 1942. And Dad decided a growing family needed a better income, so he got</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">on at the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">shipyards over there in Tacoma a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">nd then Grandpa followed. We lived together for a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">while over there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And did a little work. Didn't come back </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">‘</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">til 1948.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">But you heard the stories at every reunion from just about the same people. They repeat the same stuff.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Grandpa</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Brinson got his--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">after all the work he did on his place, planting the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> peach orchard and everything--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">he got 700</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">whole dollars out of the government for it. And I'm sure it was similar for a lot of the other folks.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">$700 is what—is all he got?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">That's all he got for his house, outbuildings, and orchard, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So you were in Tacoma, your family was in Tacoma though at that point. Is that right?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">R</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ight, before </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Did you hear about it at that point? Do you know did your family hear about it from?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, I'm sure there were--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I'm not sure how they communicated. Mostly by letters, probably. I don't think that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">there was--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">well, yeah, there must have been long distance at that time. But, yeah, I don't recall, of course, being</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">at that age, a lot of telephone traffic at all. But I'm s</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ure they heard from the folks. Bec</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ause after it happened</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> we'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">take a lot of trips back over the mountains to visit Grandma and Grandpa there in Prosser.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">They had moved to Prosser then?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, a lot of folks moved to Prosser. A lot of them moved to Yakima and surrounding towns out through there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">It</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> scattered them pretty good</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> so it was always nice to see them come back. The reunions were really crowded</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">in the early days.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Do you know about when those reunions started?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, it had to have been in the late '40s.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So pretty soon after the war</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Probably in the, yeah, '47 to '49, somewhere in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">re probably. You know the kids--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">all the kids noticed was free</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ice cream, free pop. [LAUGHTER] And</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> a lot of grass and trees to play under, play around under. So my sister was the one that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">she</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">would love to sit under the picnic table and listen to all the adult talk going on. But us kids, us boys, we'd just run</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">around and play. We didn'</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">t care about that kind of stuff. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So she heard all the stories</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> but you couldn't talk her into coming in for an interview, huh?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So when did you--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">since you were only four years old or so when your family left Hanford-- when did you first</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">become aware of the family story here and what had happened to the communities here?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, well, when they would take us to the reunions, they'd hear the stories and, of course, even family get</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">togethers</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">you'd hear it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> then</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, too. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">‘</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Cause</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> we'd always have a get-together in a Christmas, Easter, Thanksgiving. There'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">always be a family get-together, so you'd hear all the stories around the dinner tables. All the fellowship around</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">that time, most times of the year. And there'd be a lot of good-humored joking, but there's always that underlying</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">disappointment.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">It would've been nice to have carried on and grown up and realized the full potential of a community like that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Along the river would've been a beautiful place.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. So I was going to ask you--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">one of the reasons we're doing this project is to get memories and stories about</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">families that were there, so that someone in the future, a student maybe, or maybe a descendant of yours could</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">list</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">en and watch the video.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> What sorts of things or anything that you would especially like people like that to know about, or</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">know about the community of Hanford</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, or</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> about your family</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> that you think it would be important to let them to know about?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, p</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">robably the most important thing would be I think the freedom you felt like you had in those days, even at four</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">years old and you don't really don't realize the importance of it. You had it, when you could just run out of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">house and go visit some aunt up the street and not worry about being lost or being abducted by some </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">nutball</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the people were independent and helped each other. And it was just, compared to how things are today, wow.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, don't get me started on the politics going on today.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So in other words, i</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">t was a community.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. There was even--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">People who really felt like a community.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, yeah. You could tell when you see them at the reunions how close they were. Just a whole lot of hugging</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">going on.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">[LAUGHTER] Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, just the fact that they had those reunions and kept doing those for so many years suggests--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. Yeah the--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">--strong bond</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, the people that organized those had to really be committed because that took a lot of work</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> sending out all</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the letters and getting together all the food, all the materials it took. And then they would put out tables and tables</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">of old photographs and paper, newspaper clippings, and stuff like that. I hope you were able to get ahold of some</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">of that.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I did, yeah,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> see </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">some of that, yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Have you or any of your family members ever gone back, say on one of</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the tours that goes out? Bee</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">n able to go see the former sites out there</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">A few times we went out to. One time when they let you take your cars out, they kind of travel out there following</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the DOE guy. They let you park and walk around, trying to find your old home site. My mom always knew by the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">shape of some tree about where their house was.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And her </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">cousin</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Dick went with us one time, and he got to poking around out there and he actually found a little fish</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">pond that his father had built for him. It was all covered over by sage</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">bru</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">sh and stuff. But he managed to find it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">and brush off the stuff. But it was just made out of stones that were just kind of cemented in. It was probably no</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">bigger than that, but it was only so deep, but it was. It meant a lot to him to--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">--to be able to find that and remember that part of his life.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Wow. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Do you know when that might have been</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> that he would have went bac</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">k out there and found that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, that was probably in the late '60s, early '70s, in that area.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And you mentioned that your mom was able to by the shape of a tree know where. What sort of response did she</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">have to going back out there? Did you get a chance to talk to her about that? Or </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">were you</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> out there with her?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. Oh yeah, she liked it. Her thing, like I said, was down at the old swimming hole. She kind of graded</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">everything by where the swimming </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">hole</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> was, where that meant that. And then she could figure out where that tree</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">was. And then that house stood right there by the tree.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Some of the houses</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> they moved out of there to other parts of the countryside that weren't on the project. Some of</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">them might still be in use today for all I know. But, oh yeah, she'd get excited every time we'd go out there and</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">remember--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">remembering things.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So she seemed to really appreciate being</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> able</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> to go out there again.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh yeah. Invariably it'd be a real hot day and it'd be uncomfortable</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> out there</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. You'd usually gather around the old high</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">school there</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. The shell was still standing. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Must have been quite--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I guess, the bank building. Maybe that was in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">White Bluff</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, so it was still standing too.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: White Bluffs Bank, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">But you must've had if she could remember that well just by a few th</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ings that were she had a real--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">she knew that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">town.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, yeah. She grew</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> up there.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Knew it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> well.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, that was when she used to tell us about sleeping out on the hay stacks at those hot summer evenings, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">listening to the coyotes howl. Falling asleep to that noise. What she called music.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Remember any other stories she used to tell you about things like that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> would've been sort of unique to the area?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">No, not really. She did leave to go to Seattle to go to secretarial school. Or business school, she called it. Business</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">school. So she went to a couple years of that. And then probably right after that they probably got married.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: With the proposal in the apple orchard--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Y</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">eah, and then moved to Tacoma over in probably '42.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> I think so.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> But they did have a lot of close friends that they</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">could talk for hours about the old times, the good times. Especially if the sisters got together. Boy, they could--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Man, it was—[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">It sounds like she had</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> a lot of very fond memories of--</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">They were, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And did your dad talk about much, talk about the old community much?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, yeah. They had the men's fraternity, I guess you'd call them, were pretty close. They had a lot of</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">especially</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">the high school kids--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">they were the hardest things ever. So and Dad was, when one of his friends was killed at</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Guadalcanal, it took him a long time to get over that, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">be</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">cause it was his best friend. So, yeah, they were really close.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And so you said your family then moved to Tacoma and then '48 came to Kennewick?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Came back to, yeah, it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">'s cause Dad got a job at the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">actually, we stopped for a year in Prosser, lived with</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">grandparents until we got, finally bought a piece of property in East Kennewick. And then he had a house built.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And we lived with Herb and his family on East Fifth Street while the house was being built on East First Place. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">eventually</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> got moved in there and spent--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">that's where </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">us</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> kids grew up right there, at East Kennewick, so.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And what did you think </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">of Kennewick when you came back, when you moved in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, just immediately there was guys to run around with and we just formed a bond right there. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">wer</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">e the four musketeers. We would—[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">T</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">here</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> were no gangs back then, I guess we were about as close as you</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">could get to a gang, I guess.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I guess I asked</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> what it would feel like being in the Tri-Cities knowing that a lot of the people in the area were</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">working, out at the Hanford site, which is</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> where your family used to live?</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Have any feelings about that? Does it</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">seem a little odd at all or strange or? What are your thoughts about that?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, we didn't really think about it that much. Most of the activity was clo</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ser to Richland, in the Camp Han</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ford</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">area. And right out there where the tow</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">n site was there was never any--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">It just happened to be in the middle of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">condemned area. Yeah, I don't think we ever resented. We were too young to work up resentments at that point.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">We were having too much fun growing up in East Kennewick. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Bec</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ause back then East Kennewick went clear out to</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Fin</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">l</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">e</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">y, you could roam forever out through there.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So are there anything that I haven't asked you that, or any event, or memory or family story that you haven't had a</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">chance to talk about yet that you'd like to?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, it's one of those things that you might wake up at 2 o'clock in the morning and say, Oh, yeah I should've said</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> But right now I just can't draw on anything, anything else. It was just with all the aunts and uncles and the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">friends, it was j</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ust a wonderful time of life,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> a wonderful place to have been a part of, for a little while, anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So I do have one other question. So I know your father and grandfather and your f</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">amily went to Tacoma. W</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">hat</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">happened to, say, cousins and aunts and uncles, cousins, other families you're related to?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well they, yeah, m</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">om's oldest brother ended up in California as a bulldozer operator. The twins, one twin, Aunt Mildred, never did</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">give married, and Aunt Margaret married a wheat farmer out of Walla Walla.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Let's see, Aunt Babe married Uncle Doc Jones from Tacoma. They lived in Tacoma, lived out their years in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Tacoma. And, see, Uncle Arthur worked on the fire department in the Seattle fire department.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Let's see, on Dad's side, Herb ended up running a Chevron station right down at the end of Washington Street</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">there in Kennewick, and later on moved to Spokane and ran one up there in </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Dishman</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">. And Uncle Paul moved to</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">San Bernardino</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> and passed away down there</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> after raising a family. Let's see.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So did all the </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span class="SpellingError SCX212019359">Brinsons</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> then go to Tacom</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">a, pretty much? Your uncles as well?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Generally, in that area, yeah. Uncle Albert ended up in Renton and raised his family. His son Gary is the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Gary</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Brinson of the Brinson Fund, you know. Multimillion.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> He had to build a building there on the WSU campus for the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">business college, I guess you'd call it.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">But he was younger than you, correct?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, yeah. Just a few years, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">So did he live out at Hanford at all?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">No. They all grew up in Renton.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And then what about the Moulster side? Were they still living in Hanford when the government came in during the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">war?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, yeah. Yeah, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">be</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">cause that's when Grandpa had to drop the depot agent job. Retire from the Milwaukee </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Rail</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">road</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">and move to Prosser, so.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">And I don't know who was, if Aunt Margaret hadn't married Uncle Bud at that time, so. They were in the, yeah, she</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">and Aunt Millie both joined the Navy, that's right. They were both in the Navy </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">‘</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">til the end of the war, so. So that's</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">where they went. And so Uncle Arthur was also and flew in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">whatever aircraft that was. He was a navigator</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">bombardier off of a carrier airplane of some sort. P-40 <span style="text-decoration:underline;">or</span> something like that. Forces</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> have survived.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Now, did you or any of your family end up working at the Hanford site?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Dad worked at the fire department in Richland for the rest of his career there. Central fire station. When I got out</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">of the Air Force, I spent a couple years at CBC and got into the physical ch</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">emistry laboratory out there, in</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> 300</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Area. Worked out there for 40, 42 years.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> Retired in 2000. Paid for my- [LAUGHTER] P</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ut a couple of kids through school from</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">working out there. Yeah, it was a good place to spend a career. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Mm-hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Is there any fi</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">nal thoughts about the old Hanford town or of your family--families, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">even</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Moulster or Brinson family</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, and their experiences there?</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Oh, the biggest thing was </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">just missing them all so much. Just because i</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">t was such a wonderful family to grow up in. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">supportive and loving, and just getting together at a drop of a hat. So many get-togethers and camping trips. </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Yeah, </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">I</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">wish I could have</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> grown up older there and had more memories of the old Hanford town, but. But that's the way</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">things go.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, I appreciate you being willing to come talk and share your memories and yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">ur family stories about Hanford and the community out there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> I really appreciate it.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Well, I wish I could've helped you out more.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">This is terrific. You were great. Thank you.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359">, you're welcome. I'm glad you got a chance to talk to Mom there, that 12 years ago.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX212019359"><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Brinson</span>: She made it to</span><span class="TextRun SCX212019359"> 97.</span><span class="EOP SCX212019359"> </span></p>
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300 Area
Civilian Conservation Corps
Hanford (Wash.)
Kennewick (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.)
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945
White Bluffs (Wash.)
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https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F67ab2275c27d2eb35de0d2ee444059a8.jpg
3cf5eafd07df622c79a7ce766d795c94
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff03c6f62ec6ecbb75d2e152e69b0a0cf.mp4
cca508797901a36664fbb38e718cd250
Dublin Core
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Title
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Pre-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area prior to the Manhattan Project
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Lloyd Chalcraft
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<p><strong>Northwest Public Television | Chalcraft_Lloyd</strong></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Does this station go into Seattle?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: No.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: No. This is in Eastern Washington, I guess.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: Yeah. This will get to--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Why I asked that of which it's in, my brother lives in Seattle.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: It will all be available online.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. And we can get you a copy.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: I'm recording.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: OK. We're going to go ahead and get started. Can you hear me OK?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I'm ready, just as long as I can hear you. What you're asking, see.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: OK. Let's start by having you say your name, and if you could spell it also.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Lloyd-- OK. Lloyd Robert Chalcraft.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: OK, great. And my name is Robert Bauman, and today's date is August 20, right, of 2013.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: My hearing is a little holding me back. I can hear you, but you're a real quiet voice.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: OK. And we're conducting this interview on the campus of Washington State University, Tri-Cities.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah, that's correct. I mean, do I got to OK that?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: No, that's OK. Well. Let's start if you could, by having you--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Could you tell us about your family and how your family--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Got here? My family came to Richand, Washington in 1910 from Idaho. My granddad homesteaded in Idaho, and they came into Richland in 1910. And I can go into quite a little history there.</p>
<p>My family, my uncle, my mother's brother was the first boy to die in World War I in the war. He was the first one to die in Richland in World War I.</p>
<p>And I got a great grandmother buried down in this cemetery. She was buried there in 1917. Well, I got a lot a relatives between here and Kennewick.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What brought them to Richland? What brought your family to Richland?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What brought them to Richland? My granddad was up in Rexburg, Idaho on a farm, and they still got the land. My mother couldn't breath and they came down for a dry climate for my mother. And they came down here in a covered wagon from Idaho in 1910.</p>
<p>And what do want? You want to continue on? Then, my mother graduated from Richland high school in 1918. She played basketball there, and then there was Uncle Frank.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And what was your mother's name and your grandparent's name?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What was your mother's name and your grandparent's name.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Her maiden name?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Jamison. Her grandmother's buried down here across from Hapo. Her grandma Davidson, and well, I got a lot of relatives buried and kept between here and Kennewick.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did her family have a farm here, then?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Did what?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did they have a farm?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: In Richland?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yes. Well, my grandparents had a farm here. We had a farm here, and my uncle had a farm here. We had four different farms. Granddad had a big cherry orchard. Where his orchard was is where that locksmith is on Van Giesen. That was a part of their orchard. That was a prune orchard only it had cherries there.</p>
<p>I went to school myself. I went to school here eight years, where now that little grade school is here. It used be called Richland Grade School, but it's not what's out down there south of Richland. Later in life, my boy played basketball for Richland.</p>
<p>My boy, he was on the Richland State Basketball Champion when they beat Pasco. Do you remember that? For the state basketball. My boy, he played football and basketball for Richland High School.</p>
<p>I graduated from Kennewick High School. See, we moved out. The government come in and took all this land over, and we moved to Kennewick.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And how old were you then?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I was about eighth grade.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And what do you remember about that time?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What do you remember about that when you first heard that the government was going to come in 1943?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: People were pissed. People were mad cause they come in here and took this land over. They practically stole the land. I mean, people were really shook up. Do you know I mean? They didn't know what was going on. It was like an invasion.</p>
<p>You seen army trucks, the DuPont surveyors. I saw the plane that I think this guy-- they flew over this big scientist to pick this area out. I don't know if I would guarantee it, but they were looking for a place of vacant land. And that Columbia River is the key.</p>
<p>I remember that plane flew over. There was a Navy base in Pasco, but this plane was a big transport plane. These scientist were looking over that area.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And do you know how much money you're family got for land?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: For the place?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah, how much money your family got?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: They had a farm there with cherries. My family, we had three or four families. My granddad had that big orchard.</p>
<p>They gave him $13,000 for a whole complete cherry orchard. They literary stole the land, which is here or there.</p>
<p>We got $7,000 for our little place. It's on the corner-- we lived on the corner of Sanford and Van Giesen.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And how big was your place? How many acres?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: It was 10 acres. My granddad, I think, was-- I've forgotten now exactly. 25 or 30 acres.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And what was his name?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: TJ Chalcraft. Thomas Chalcraft. That was my dad's father. Then my granddad lived here. When they come down from Rexburg's, he opened a blacksmith's shop in 1910. Jamison, Hershel Jamison.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, OK. Uh-huh. And so did your farm also have cherries on your farm?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did you grow cherries?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah. We had cherries and asparagus. I've cut the damn asparagus.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Hard work.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah. It kept me from dilly dallying. I was just a kid in school. Yeah. A lot of things-- my dad went to a federal land bank meeting in Prosser that night. And he come back to Mary and says, our government is going to take this property over and nobody believed him.</p>
<p>About February 1st, or the approximate time, well, everybody started getting letters from the government. This property is under eminent domain, or whatever. There's another wording for it, but they're going to take all this property.</p>
<p>By the way, in that school down here, that little grade school, they closed that. I got out of school a month early because the government took it over to make office space for it. And there was a schoolhouse where Carnation used to be, two story. I watched three years and they built that. This in before Hanford.</p>
<p>There was a two story school there. There was a duplicate out here at White Bluffs Hanford. Everything and the toilets were outside.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So when did you move off the land then? What time in 1940?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Well, we moved off right away. We moved to Kennewick, my folks did. Let's see. We moved right away. They had to move because the government started moving them.</p>
<p>You know, you don't understand. That's been 65 years ago. I get a little bit-- those numbers don't quite-- well, it was in '43 or '45. Well, hell no. The bomb was out here. [INAUDIBLE] is the one who built the Hiroshima bomb. So they dropped that bomb in '45, didn't they? So we moved out before that period.</p>
<p>Well, we had to. About '43, I can't remember the dates. We moved out probably-- we'd haul over to Kennewick--my folks bought property on Kennewick Avenue. Are you acquainted with Kennewick?</p>
<p>See, I own that Jiffy car wash. That's what's some of our land is when we move from Richland to Kennewick.</p>
<p>Maybe you've had a car washed. It's isn't like-- I own the land or the building. I don't own the car wash. Hulberts have that.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did you go to school in Kennewick?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: No, I didn't.</p>
<p>Which is immaterial. See, I went to school in Richland for eight years, and then I went to school in Kennewick for four years.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What do you remember about going to school in Richland? Do you remember any of the teachers, or how big--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I had good teachers. I actually learned more from Mrs. Randolph in reading than most of these kids. Some of these kids go to school and they can't even read now. She was a little crippled lady named Randolph. And she taught us first grade.</p>
<p>They had pretty good schools here. Actually, they did. And they told us you had to be a citizen in the United States before you could vote.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did you walk to school or was there a school bus?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: We had a bus. We had a bus. See, I lived about two miles down to Richland on Van Giesen down to Richland. We had a school bus. Yeah. They had three or four school buses.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And do you remember any of your neighbors?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Oh, yeah. Carlsons and Ericksons and Rudes. There was a lot of Ericksons. I think there was more Swedish people that lived in Richland than any other relative. Some of their homes-- My grandad helped build some homes here in 1918 that are still standing. Then, all the Swede's had pretty nice homes here.</p>
<p>Maybe you're Swede. Are you a Swede?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: No.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: But anyway, the Swede's are a real progressive type people. OK, a little deal here. The boy, this cook, this vet's place down here, this cook Erickson, the name of the veterans' and Erickson was one of the sons of one of the people that lived here. And he went into the service, and he got shot down over the Mediterranean sea during the war.</p>
<p>This little town had a lot of boys. We had, I can think, Don Culp was on the Arizona. He lived. His folks, well, his aunt was engaged to my uncle. But he was on the Arizona.</p>
<p>Tommy Van Poulsen was on the California. This was at Pearl Harbor. The Mosier boy, he was on Guam. He got captured by the Japs. He was a prisoner of war for the total war.</p>
<p>But Don Culp come off the Arizona and he went back to sea on a destroyer. And a storm come off the Philippines and they drowned. And Tommy Van Poulsen used to swim that river all the time. He swam off the Californian and got out. They were there where the Walmart has gone.</p>
<p>This little town had a lot of people in the service compared for the population. Tom [? Handbe, ?] he lived in parts of Richland. He was killed in Normandy.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So how many brothers and sisters did you have?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I got one brother, no sisters.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Older? Was he older or younger? Was he older than you or younger?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: He's 16 years younger. They thought she had a tumor. I mean, there was no kids between, you know what I mean, between-- 16 years olds, went to school. Hell, I was starting high school or last when he was born. But he lives in Seattle now.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So were you born in Richland, then?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Actually, I was born in Lady Lourdes in Pasco. I understand then there was no hospitals in Richland. And there was no hospitals in Kennewick.</p>
<p>Mine was born in Kennewick, but there was a midwife. The only hospital here was in Pasco, Lady Lourdes. See, I was born in '29, but that was the only-- my brother was born at the Lady Origin, Pasco.</p>
<p>My boy was born in Richland. I got a son that played basketball for Richland. And he was born in the Kadlec Hospital down here. He played against Pasco when they played-- I don't know if you were around here, Pasco and them played for the state championship.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So the community of Richland, when you grew up, do you remember any of the businesses that we're here at the time or anything like that?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Do you remember any of the businesses that we're here?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Oh, yes. We had Ralton's Drugstore. John Dam had a store, and that park out there is named after John Dam. [? Yiddick ?] had a store here.</p>
<p>Hugh Van [? Dyne ?] had the tavern. And Rex Bell had a service station. I can remember, I could go down the street and Phil Charmin, he was a barber, and he's buried right beside my dad down this whole cemetery.</p>
<p>And as you go down to the park, there's a brick building sitting there. It's two story. And the bank got in trouble.</p>
<p>The banker went to jail in Walla Walla, because in 1930 the bank went bust. And at that time it was state controlled. See, federal took it after Roseville come in, but the banker went to jail. He went to Walla Walla.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What was his name?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Remember his name?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yup. Nelson. You know what I mean? I don't know if his brother's still around or not, but anyway this was back in 1930. I don't know if it was big or whatever. The bank was closed when I--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Your father was at some point then on the board of directors--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Your father was on the board of directors of the--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: He was on the--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: --federal land bank, or something like that.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah. If you worked-- well, he's kind of a officer with a blind bank. We had a chicken hatchery we used to hatch baby chickens to besides our farm.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And your farm, you grew mostly cherries and asparagus?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: On your farm, you grew mostly cherries and asparagus.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah, we did that. I picked lots of cherries and cut asparagus. These kids nowadays would think that was torture.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Do you remember any special community events?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Do you remember special community events or gatherings, picnics, any of those sorts of things.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Any special what?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Special events. Community events. Any celebrations the community had or anything like that growing up.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Not really. Not here. Most of the celebrations were in Kennewick. You know in this little town, small little town--</p>
<p>Oh, yeah. There's a boy named Shiftner. He was in the death march out at Carregador. I think it was Shiftner.</p>
<p>There was quite a few soldiers. I still don't remember them all that-- this Comstock, there's a street here in Richland. I don't know if that's-- I think he was from Pasco are Richland, but he died in the service I think.</p>
<p>See, this park is named after John Dam across from the federal building. And John Dam had a grocery store here.</p>
<p>There were two grocery stores here. And they had a place they made ice.</p>
<p>You know, everybody didn't have something to make ice, but they'd freeze this water and make ice. And people would get ice out of it. Ice house. And Phil Charmin, the barber, used to run that.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What sorts of things, growing up, what sorts of things did you do for fun?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What sorts of things did you do for fun growing up?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What did we do for fun? Well, we'd swim. We'd swim in the irrigation ditch or whatever. And where uptown</p>
<p>Richland was right now, that was a swamp. There was mud that deep. And where uptown Richland is there was an irrigation ditch running through it. That ditch still runs.</p>
<p>We'd go down there. It wasn't very deep, but it was a place to go swimming. We called it swimming, because we were told not to go in the Columbia River when we was kids. Well, that river was cold then, because there was no much dams below, you understand? More free flowing. It mad a difference.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did you do much fishing or hunting?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah. Hunting pheasant here was good. It was good pheasant hunting. There was no deer here, but there used to be-- we know it well. We hunted pheasant and the ducks. Oh, yeah, a lot of that, cause this all was asparagus field and open.</p>
<p>People from Richland would get shook up when the people from Kennewick would come over and shoot their pheasant. [INAUDIBLE] But there was good hunting here, and everybody knew everybody and go hunting. But you'd normally need a dog. And that asparagus is tall, and you damn near needed a dog to get your pheasants.</p>
<p>One time an airplane landed down in that pasture. What the hell-- where the riding academy used to be. The plane landed out there. That was another, well, it wouldn't be too important, but I remember everybody went down to steal gas out of the plane. Somebody said that burnt their motors up. I don't know, that aviation gas.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: When you were growing up--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I played a little basketball. Nothing big.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: When you were growing up, did the farm you grew up on, did you have electricity.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Oh, yes. We had electricity. But when we first moved we had a hand pump, then we got electricity come in.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What about a telephone? Did you have a telephone.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah. And the neighbors-- we had a phone, but a lot of neighbors didn't. They'd come over and borrow your phone. A lot of them wouldn't even offer to help pay the bill, but they'd use the phone.</p>
<p>In them days, Mrs. Meredith, you had to go through a telephone operator. And Mrs. Meredith, she was kind of the-- and she knew all the gossip. But she was pretty god darn good though for emergencies. People would call in an you know what I mean?</p>
<p>Then Brown Telephone in Kennewick bought them out. I guess they owned that at that--</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Now, did you also work at Hanford at some point?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Did you work at Hanford at some point.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I did, yeah, 20 years.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Where did you work? What area?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I worked in the reactors. I got cancer. I'm fighting cancer right now.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: When did you work at Hanford and which reactors did you work in?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I worked at all of them.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And what years? When did you start?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I worked with the reactors. I was nothing too important out there, but I served a-- And then I got drafted in the army. I went to war. During the Korean, I got drafted. I was working though, 'til I got drafted in the army.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And what sort of work did you do out there?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Oh, different work. Handled uranium and all that. It was just, you know what I mean? I've done better investing. I wasn't an engineer type. I've done pretty well as an investor. Mostly these people sit on their butt around here, and maybe I shouldn't be saying that. That's probably getting cocky.</p>
<p>But anyway, these houses sold cheap around here in Richland. These duplexes are selling for $7,000. I had bought one. I sold it here a while back for $130,000. But you know, that was time goes along.</p>
<p>But the government practically gave these houses away. This was after Hanford produced the bomb. But these ranch houses, all of them went real-- government unloaded them pretty cheap.</p>
<p>I've seen a lot of changes here.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: I'm sure. What are some of the changes you've seen?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What are some of the changes that you've seen?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: All these houses all over. Well, yeah, what else? More people. You understand, Richland was a very small town, and you had to count the farms. The town or Richland itself was very-- well, I better there was over 100 people here. Maybe a little bit more, but I didn't live in Richland. See, we had the farms around it.</p>
<p>All the Swede's had homes. They were good farmers.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So you worked at Hanford in what, the '40s and '50s?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: You worked at Hanford in the 1940s, 1950s?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: I went to work there in 1950. 1950 in the fire department. I worked in the fire department for a while out there.</p>
<p>Then I worked in reactors.</p>
<p>I'll tell you a little story. Before the government-- the day the government come in and bought this property, we played ball. I was going to Richland grade school. We went out to White Bluffs and played basketball. And about a few days later, the word came down that the government was taking it over.</p>
<p>You understand that Hanford, Richland, one thing probably they know, but I know, there were usually cemeteries in White Bluffs and Hanford. The government dug all of those up. You understand why? You think about it?</p>
<p>How could they let people go there if there's top secret stuff? How could they let people go out there and wander around the cemetery. There'd be all kinds of people wandering around, wouldn't there?</p>
<p>The government removed all of them bodies. Some of the families got the bodies. But most of the bodies were moved to Prosser. And then they were going to dig up this cemetery in Richland but they decided they didn't need to.</p>
<p>I had people buried in there. My dad's buried down there in this cemetery. My mother and dad were divorced. My mother is buried on that by-pass. But anyway.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman:</span> I wonder if you have any other memories or stories from growing up in Richland that you haven't shared yet that you want to talk about.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft:</span> Hey, gotta go. You think of a lot this stuff after you've stopped. OK, I'll tell you a little story athletic-wise. The bombers, there was no bombers. Let's go back. When I played basketball in high school before Hanford, they called them the Bronx, The Richland Bronx. And the colors were black and red.</p>
<p>And now, they're green and gold. OK, I'm just telling you what happened. They were called the Richland Bronx.</p>
<p>Then what happened, when Richland moved in they called them the Beavers. Well, they couldn't call them bombers, you understand?</p>
<p>Well, it could've been done. But they call them-- that's after Hanford moved in-- they changed the colors and they called them the bombers. But their colors are green and gold. But when I was in high school, I didn't go to high school. I went up to eighth grade there. But they were the black and red.</p>
<p>Then Richland come in and they changed them to green and gold and they called them the beavers. Then after, well, later on, they become the bombers. They couldn't have said bomber, I don't think.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So when, actually when the government came in 1943 and told you you had to move, did you know why? You know, what was happening?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What was happening?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: It's a good question. No. It was rumor heaven. A lot of people thought they'd come in here for all-- well, to make toilet paper for one thing. Well, anyway. They hit a little natural gas out here on the Horse Heavens. Not Horse Heavens, out there at Bridal Snake.</p>
<p>They thought they'd come in, but just that people real naively, understand. You look at it. All that come in here, my god, millions of dollars.</p>
<p>Even the army moved trucks in here. Everybody moved in, and they sure as hell didn't bring all that in just to hit natural gas out here. Well, I didn't know until the day when they dropped the bomb. The guy that lived in White Bluffs, he come in and says, I've found out what they built Hanford for.</p>
<p>But what they've built is enough to burn those Jap's ass right off. That was his very words. His folks owned property at White Bluffs-- Hanford White Bluffs. And there used to be a little bus that you went from down Richland up to, there they called it, Sagebrush Annie.</p>
<p>I was only up there once when I lived here. Until I went to work out there. I was out there at that basketball game.</p>
<p>Well, I was just a kid. I didn't drive. And that's quite a ways out there.</p>
<p>Most of the people in White Bluffs and Hanford, they went over to Yakima to shop for groceries. There was a story out there in Hanford or White Bluffs. There was a grocery store. There was two high schools out there at that time.</p>
<p>Maybe you knew that.</p>
<p>And then they merged into one, because you know, I think, yeah. I'm trying to think of different-- I wish sitting in Richland the day they bombed Pearl Harbor, right in Richland at Thayer Drive. And it come over the news that they'd bombed Pearl Harbor.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: On the radio? Was it on the radio?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Yeah, radio, we didn't have TV then. This was '41. That was quite a shock. When they said Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and I was quite of a history buff. Some of these people still don't know what happened. But I knew we was going to go to war. And they hit Pearl Harbor that day.</p>
<p>That's the day Culp got off the Arizona any other boy swam out from the California. Well, I'll tell you a little side story. It didn't fit into Richland. But my uncle was in Pasco, and there was a guy sitting on a bar over there.</p>
<p>And my uncle, he was in the Navy, World War I. He thought he was Japanese, and my dad was with him. And he was going to beat the hell out of that Jap. Come to find out, he was a China man. You know what I mean? This is right after Pearl Harbor?</p>
<p>There's been a few other people that was picked up here. One or two guys here in this town were out hollering Hail Hitler. The United States Marshall picked one of them and shipped him back to Leavenworth.</p>
<p>Nobody bothered him but the day Pearl Harbor was hit, things opened up. They let him, when they were fighting Great Britain, that was a great deal. Germany was beating the hell out of Great Britain.</p>
<p>But the day Pearl Harbor was bombed, that changed the atmosphere. This one kid would come to high school and brag about the Germans picking the hell out of the British. But anyway, he shut up after Pearl Harbor.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So what was Richard like as a place to grow up?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: What was Richland like as a place to grow up?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What was Richland like, what?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: As a place to grow up?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: It was a kind of a quiet little quaint town. My uncle, he had never drove. He drove a team of horses. He drank a little beer. He trained horses.</p>
<p>It wasn't a regular policemen. Bill Perry had a server station here. He was the town Marshall. Things were quite quaint. You know what I mean? There was one guy that got in a fight with a guy, and I guess he died.</p>
<p>That was hot news in those days. This guy died from a fistfight. Actually, things were pretty quiet at that time, I guess. But we did go through World War I here. There were two or three boys that got in that one.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: You mentioned earlier some of the businesses in Richland. What about churches?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Do you remember any churches at the time?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Churches? OK there was a Methodist Church, and a holy roller. I remember they had a holy roller church right in downtown Richland, and they'd get up and role on the floor.</p>
<p>One guy was looking through the window, they had curtains over it and somebody pushed the barrel and he rolled right in with the holy rollers. Yeah, there was a Methodist Church right across from where the school was.</p>
<p>And I remember when they'd have funerals there. I remember one women died, Mrs. [? Kayler. ?] We remembered that. It was a different name. Well, my grandparents are buried out at that cemetery.</p>
<p>There was no Catholic church. The Catholic church was in Kennewick. They had a holy roller church. I guess a-- what's that one? I'm not a great church goer. I went to the Methodist church a little bit. Most of the churches were over in Kennewick.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Well, is there anything else you want to share?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Anything else you want to say about growing up in Richland?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Growing up now?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: No. Anything else that you want to say about your time growing up in Richland.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: About what?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: About your time, your childhood.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Anything else you want to say about it?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Well, I played a little basketball here. I was no-- my peak come when my son won the-- my son, he was good enough to play. He was on the state champ. He was good enough to get a football scholarship at the University of Montana.</p>
<p>He wanted to go to Oregon. Oregon wanted him to go, but they wanted him to go to Columbia Basin and play a year and then go. He didn't get an offer for Washington State or Washington, but he did get an offer from all those big sky, Montana, Idaho, to play ball, football.</p>
<p>But in Oregon he kind of-- Oregon says, you go to Columbia Basin. Columbia Basin at that time had a football team if you remember. They wanted him to go over there for one year.</p>
<p>He had a chance to go back. I'm bragging a little on his college. He had a chance to go back to one of the big east schools-- they egg head schools. You know what I'm talking about.</p>
<p>He was pretty good in grades. But he ended up going to the University of Montana. He could've went to the University of Idaho, but then he got hurt.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Well, I want to thank you for coming in today. And share the memories of growing up in Richland.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: You know, a lot I've missed or thought about. A few names you hate to bring in, you know what I mean? Now, I have to ask you guys something. Is this going to be the air?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: It could be.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Camera man</span>: Right. Parts of it will be.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Huh?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Parts of it.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: What did he say?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Parts of it probably will be.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: March what?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Parts of it.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Part, not all of it.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Right.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Chalcraft</span>: Well, that's fine. You always got somebody-- You know, I've been a little-- I'm not too bragging-- but I've been a little successful. And I found out people, if you get a little successful, they'll run you down a little bit.</p>
Location
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Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Duration
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00:38:11
Bit Rate/Frequency
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5276 kbps
Hanford Sites
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1950-1975
Years in Tri-Cities Area
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1910-2013
Names Mentioned
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Chalcraft, TJ
Chalcraft, Tom
Jamison, Hershel
Dam, John
Charmin, Phil
Dublin Core
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Title
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Interview with Lloyd Chalcraft
Description
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An interview with Lloyd Chalcraft conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
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Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Rights
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Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
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video/mp4
Provenance
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The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Subject
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Richland (Wash.)
Hanford (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.). Public Schools
Richland (Wash.)--Politics and government.
Date Modified
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2016-05-18: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Date
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8/20/2013
DuPont
Hunting
Kennewick (Wash.)
Richland (Wash.)
swimming
White Bluffs (Wash.)